What are burns in pets? 

Burns can occur as a result of tissue injury from heat, flames, chemicals, or electricity. Thermal burns caused by agents that include fire, steam, hot liquids, and heating devices are the most common in pets. Burn injuries are painful and can lead to partial or complete skin damage, as well as secondary problems including heart abnormalities, respiratory problems, dehydration, and metabolic disease. Severe burn injuries can be life-threatening. Burns are classified by the number of damaged skin layers and by injury severity. Burn classification includes:

• First-degree (superficial) — Only the outermost skin layer, or epidermis, is affected and these burns will typically heal quickly. 
• Second-degree (partial thickness) — Deeper skin layers are affected and blistering and skin draining can occur. Pets with second-degree burns are at risk for infection. 
• Third-degree (full thickness) — All skin layers are affected, as well as subcutaneous tissue. Bones, muscles, ligaments, and tendons may also be damaged. Pets will lose sensation in the affected area and will develop scars after healing.  

Clinical burn signs in pets

Clinical burn signs will vary depending on the burn type and severity and may not be immediately obvious to pet owners. Pets who have superficial burns will likely have mildly red painful skin. Pets who have had fire or smoke exposure are at risk for associated medical problems. Read more about smoke inhalation in our previous blog. Clinical burn signs may include:

• Pale, yellow, gray, tan, or black skin
• Hair loss around burn area
• Hair that is easily removed around a burn
• Blistered skin
• Foul-smelling skin
• Pale or blue gums
• Vomiting
• Difficulty breathing
• Heart arrhythmias
• Muscle spasms
• Seizures
• Excess salivation

Burn diagnosis and treatment in pets

If you observe your pet being burned, immediately rinse the area with cool water and call your veterinarian. Your pet will need immediate veterinary care if they have any burn signs or have been exposed to smoke or fire. Diagnosis is based on the extent of your pet’s skin damage. Burn severity may not be immediately obvious so ensure you inform your veterinarian the burn source, such as steam or a stove, and the length of exposure if possible. Your veterinarian may recommend a complete blood count and serum biochemistry test to rule out any concurrent medical problems. Advanced imaging such an X-ray, ultrasound, or computed tomography (CT) scan may be recommended to check heart function, potential airway injury, and overall respiratory tract function. Treatment will depend on your pet’s burn type and severity and may include:

• Intravenous fluids
• Pain medications
• Topical antibiotic or wound healing medications
• Daily bandages
• Antibiotics
• Specialized diet or feeding tube
• Surgical wound management 

Financial options for your pet’s burn treatment  

Pets undergoing burn treatment may require an extended hospital stay and several checkups, which can be expensive. Consider purchasing a pet health insurance plan like Trupanion when your pet is young to ensure funds are available for such long-term care. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other financial options that can cover treatment costs include: 

• Care Credit 
• Scratch Pay 
• Pet health savings accounts 
• Short-term loans 

Burn prevention in pets 

Ensure you keep your pet out of the kitchen or away from outdoor grills when you are cooking to prevent them from being accidentally  burned. Store all chemicals out of paws’ reach and keep pets in a separate area when you are cleaning or using chemicals. Additional burn prevention tips include:

• Never leave your pet unsupervised around lit candles or fireplaces.
• Always check for a resting pet before turning on the clothes dryer.
• Never allow your pet to lie directly on your heating pad.
• Equip your home with monitored smoke and carbon monoxide detectors to ensure a quick response following a fire or chemical exposure.

Call your family veterinarian right away if your pet has been burned. If you need help after hours, contact Animal Emergency Care, and bring in your pet for immediate treatment. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.petmd.com/dog/emergency/accidents-injuries/e_dg_burns_and_scalding

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951347

https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/burns

https://www.hillspet.com/pet-care/routine-care/pet-fire-safety-and-burn-treatment

The post Understanding and Treating Burns on Your Pet appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is salmon poisoning in pets? 

Salmon poisoning, which is also referred to as salmon poisoning disease (SPD), is an acute infectious disease affecting dogs and other canid species caused by a rickettsial bacteria found in parasitic flukes, or flatworms. This disease is found only in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. SPD is a misleading name because no toxin is involved in this disease. Rather, infection occurs when a dog ingests a raw trout, salmon, or Pacific salamander that contains flukes infected with the Neorickettsia helminthoeca rickettsial organism. SPD can be complicated when dogs are infected with a secondary bacterium, Neorickettsia elokominica, which may cause a less severe illness and is referred to as Elokomin fluke fever. Dog-to-dog transmission of these bacteria is rare. 

Salmon poisoning signs in pets

Dogs who ingest raw fish infected with fluke larvae that do not contain rickettsia bacteria may show minor gastrointestinal signs such as diarrhea. Dogs who are infected with the Elokomin fluke fever bacterium may experience a milder infection and enlarged lymph nodes. Your dog will usually show signs in 10 days if they ingest a fish containing flukes infected with the SPD bacterium, but infection signs may not be present for 33 days in some cases. Signs may include:

• Fever, followed by hypothermia
• Depression 
• Decreased appetite
• Nausea and vomiting
• Bloody diarrhea
• Dehydration
• Weight loss
• Nasal or eye discharge
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Seizures

Salmon poisoning diagnosis and treatment in pets

Bring your dog for immediate veterinary care if they have ingested a raw fish or have SPD signs because SPD is fatal in 90% of pets who do not receive treatment. However, dogs who receive immediate veterinary care have a good prognosis. Diagnostic tests including a fecal examination to look for fluke eggs, serologic tests, a DNA PCR test, and a lymph node cytology exam may be recommended to confirm a SPD diagnosis. Your veterinarian may recommend a complete blood count, electrolyte test, and serum biochemistry test to rule out any concurrent or underlying medical problems. Dogs who are infected will require antibiotics. Additional treatments may include:

• Intravenous fluids to correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalances 
• Gastrointestinal protectants
• Anti-nausea medication
• Specialized warming pads
• Deworming medication 
• Blood transfusions
• Specialized diet

Payment options for a pet’s salmon poisoning treatment

Pets undergoing SPD treatment may require an extended hospital stay and several checkups which can be expensive. Consider purchasing a health insurance plan like Trupanion when your dog is young to ensure funds are available for such long-term care. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other financial options available to cover treatment costs include: 

• Care Credit — Care Credit offers specialized credit cards that can help delay interest payments.
• Scratch Pay — This service provides fast flexible payment options with variable interest rates depending on an individual’s credit. 
• Pet health savings account — Many financial institutions offer incentives for opening pet health savings accounts which ensure you have funds budgeted for your pet’s medical care.
• Short-term loans — These loans often have high interest rates but can be used as a last resort.

Salmon poisoning prevention in pets

Ensure you prevent your dog from consuming Pacific salamanders in addition to raw salmon, trout, steelhead, or similar freshwater fish. Secure your pet and closely monitor them when they are near or in any fresh water streams to prevent an accidental ingestion of infected fish. Additionally, prevent your dog from contacting any trash cans which may contain raw fish.  

Salmon disease poisoning is fatal without treatment. If you observe your dog ingesting raw fish or if they are showing SPD signs immediately bring them to Animal Emergency Care or call your family veterinarian. #AECprevents

Sources: 

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/dog-owners/disorders-affecting-multiple-body-systems-of-dogs/salmon-poisoning-disease-and-elokomin-fluke-fever-in-dogs

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/rickettsial-diseases/salmon-poisoning-disease-and-elokomin-fluke-fever-in-animals

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4952985

The post Something’s Fishy: Salmon Poisoning in Pets appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is exercise intolerance in pets?

Your pet may have difficulty with an exercise routine if they consider couch cuddles and walking to their food bowl as daily exercise and likely cannot go on a long hike. However, pets who regularly exercise and suddenly have less energy or reduced ability may be experiencing exercise intolerance or fatigue. Exercise intolerance may be a result of excessive physical activity for prolonged periods. Additionally, several underlying medical conditions can cause exercise intolerance in pets, including:

• Heart disease
• Respiratory disorders (e.g. bronchitis, pneumonia)
• Anemia 
• Low blood sugar
• Thyroid disease
• Bacterial or viral infection
• Adrenal gland disease
• Arthritis
• Spinal cord disease
• Immune system disorders
• Genetic disorder
• Heat exhaustion

Exercise intolerance signs in pets

Exercise intolerance signs vary and will depend on the underlying cause. However, if your pet regularly runs, hikes, or participates in other activities but suddenly finds them difficult or is reluctant to exercise they may have exercise intolerance. Other signs may include:

• Collapse after exercise
• Increased salivation after exercise 
• Sudden weakness during activity
• Reluctance to participate in play
• Excessive panting or heavy breathing during exercise
• Depression
• Lethargy
• Uncoordinated gait during or after exercise 
• Fever after exercise  

Exercise intolerance diagnosis and treatment for pets

Your pet needs veterinary care if they are showing exercise intolerance signs. Your family veterinarian will discuss your pet’s activity history and perform a nose-to-tail physical examination. They may also recommend blood tests to check your pet’s overall organ function, and for the presence of infection. Other diagnostic tests may include:

• X-rays to check your pet’s heart shape and size, and their lungs
• Electrocardiogram (EKG) to evaluate your pet’s heart rhythm and rate
• Ultrasound to examine your pet’s heart, lungs, and other organs 
• Specialized blood tests for genetic disorders

Treatment is based on the underlying cause of your pet’s exercise intolerance, and may include:

• Intravenous (IV) fluids 
• Antibiotics if an infection is present
• Heart medications
• Pain medication

Payment options for exercise intolerance treatments in pets

Pets undergoing diagnostics and treatment for exercise intolerance may require an extended hospital stay and several follow-up appointments to ensure the underlying illness is properly treated. This long-term care can result in a large veterinary bill but fortunately multiple payment options are available to cover costs of treatment and ongoing medical care. A pet health insurance plan like Trupanion will ensure funds are available for your pet’s exercise intolerance diagnosis and treatment. Trupanion will pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other payment options include:

• CareCredit — Care Credit offers specialized credit cards that can help delay interest payments.
• Scratch Pay — This service provides fast, flexible payment options with variable interest rates depending on an individual’s credit. 
• Pet health savings account — Many financial institutions offer incentives for pet health savings accounts which ensure you have funds budgeted for your pet’s medical care.
• Short-term loans — These loans often have high interest rates but can be used as a last resort.

Exercise intolerance prevention in pets

Exercise intolerance often signals an underlying illness, and therefore is not always preventable. However, never force your pet to participate in any exercise routine. A visit to your family veterinarian is recommended before starting any regular exercise, hiking, or running routine. Annual or more frequent veterinary checkups are important to ensure they are not affected by any underlying medical problems. Ensure you introduce any exercise routine or activity slowly to properly acclimate your pet, and never exercise or hike with your pet on hot days. 

Contact your family veterinarian if your pet is experiencing exercise intolerance signs or bring them to Animal Emergency Care if they need help after hours. #AECprevents

The post Let’s Get Physical: Exercise Intolerance in Pets appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is feline lower urinary tract disease in cats? 

FLUTD is a complex disease syndrome that encompasses a variety of conditions that can affect a cat’s lower urinary tract which includes the bladder, urethra, and urinary opening. FLUTD previously had several different names including feline urologic syndrome, feline urinary syndrome, feline interstitial cystitis, and Pandora syndrome. Cats of any age can be affected by FLUTD; however, middle-aged, overweight, indoor felines have an increased risk for developing this disease. Other risk factors include:

• Multi-cat households
• Sudden changes in routine
• Environmental stress, such as new people or noises
• Not drinking water regularly 
• Lack of exercise 
• Not enough varied enrichment toys
• Lack of a private area to retreat to

FLUTD may include one or more of the following medical problems:

• Urinary tract infection — Bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites can infect your cat’s urinary tract and cause an increased urgency to urinate.
• Urinary stones (uroliths) — A collection of minerals in the urinary tract may lead to urethral or bladder stones. Calcium oxalate and struvite uroliths are the most common.
• Urethral obstruction — Uroliths can cause a partial or full blockage of the urethra, which is considered a life-threatening emergency. Male cats are most at risk. 
• Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) — FIC is the most commonly diagnosed condition in FLUTD cats younger than 10. This disease is not fully understood and may affect other organ systems. 

Feline lower urinary tract disease signs in cats 

FLUTD signs are similar in affected cats, but their severity will vary depending on the underlying cause. Signs may include:

• Difficulty urinating
• Frequent trips to the litter box
• Urinating small amounts
• Vocalizing in pain during urination attempts
• Bloody urine
• Urinating in unusual places
• Excessive licking of the genital area
• Lack of urine production during trips to the litter box which should be treated as a medical emergency

Feline lower urinary tract disease diagnosis and treatment in cats 

Bring your pet in for immediate veterinary care if they have FLUTD signs because cats who have a urinary obstruction are at risk for death. Diagnosing FLUTD can be challenging since multiple underlying conditions may lead to this disease. Ensure you tell your veterinarian about any environmental changes that may be contributing to your cat’s FLUTD. Diagnostic testing may include a complete blood count and serum biochemistry test to check for systemic inflammation, overall organ function, and any underlying medical problems. Your cat’s urine will be evaluated with a urinalysis to check for the presence of blood and urinary crystals, and their overall urine health. A urine culture may be recommended to check for infective organisms. Other diagnostics may include advanced imaging, such as an ultrasound or X-ray to check for the presence of uroliths or other bladder problems. Cats with severe signs including a urinary obstruction or urinary stones will need to be hospitalized for stabilization and treatment which may include:

• Sedation or general anesthesia to remove a urinary blockage and place a urinary catheter
• Surgery to remove bladder stones
• Blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature monitoring 
• Intravenous fluids for dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and flushing out toxins
• Medication for urethral spasms
• Pain medication
• Antibiotics
• Behavioral or calming medications
• Specialized diet

Financial options for your cat’s feline lower urinary tract disease

Pets undergoing FLUTD treatment may require an extended hospital stay, several checkups, and long-term medical management which can be expensive. However, purchasing a pet health insurance plan like Trupanion when your pet is young will ensure funds are available for their emergency care. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly, which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other financial options available to cover treatment costs include: 

• Care Credit 
• Scratch Pay 
• Pet health savings accounts 
• Short-term loans 

Feline lower urinary tract disease prevention in cats

FLUTD is not always preventable because the underlying cause may not be identified in some cases.  Ensure your cat’s environment is low-stress, and provide them with adequate toys and enrichment tools, such as those described here. Other prevention tips include:

• Providing clean, fresh water daily
• Ensuring an adequate number of litter boxes—one box per household cat, plus one additional box 
• Cleaning your cat’s litter box a minimum of twice daily
• Avoiding sudden changes in your cat’s environment and routine
• Decreasing stress with a cat pheromone spray, such as Feliway
• Consulting your family veterinarian about the best nutritional options for your cat

Call your family veterinarian right away if your pet has FLUTD signs. If you need help after hours, contact Animal Emergency Care and bring your pet in for treatment. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.avma.org/resources/pet-owners/petcare/feline-lower-urinary-tract-disease

https://fearfreepets.com/managing-flutd

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951487

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951488

https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/feline-lower-urinary-tract-disease

The post A Complex Cat Condition: Understanding Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is nutritionally-mediated dilated cardiomyopathy in pets?

Your pet’s heart functions like a well-oiled machine keeping the blood flowing and carrying oxygen to vital organs. DCM is a heart condition in pets that is caused by a heart muscle disorder, and results in an enlarged heart, weakened contractions, decreased pumping ability, and leaky heart valves. DCM can occur in any dog or cat breed. However large breed dogs—including boxers, Great Danes, Doberman pinschers, and King Charles spaniels—have an increased risk because of a genetic predisposition. Previously, DCM was commonly diagnosed in cats who did not receive a balanced diet because cats lack the ability to produce taurine, an essential amino acid that is important for proper heart function. Now a recent study has shown compelling evidence that limited-ingredient boutique, exotic, and grain-free (BEG) diets,  including grain-free, legume-based, chickpea-based and raw diet pet foods, have led to an increase of DCM in dogs. Pets who develop nutritionally-mediated DCM are at risk for congestive heart failure, which can be fatal.

Nutritionally-mediated dilated cardiomyopathy signs in pets

Signs vary and may not be immediately obvious during the early stages of the disease. Some pets also may succumb to nutritionally-mediated DCM without any signs, so regular examinations by your family veterinarian are key for early diagnosis. Disruptions to your pet’s heart muscle and flow pattern may reveal an audible murmur which can be heard during a veterinary examination. Signs may include: 

• Increased heart rate
• Exercise intolerance 
• Lethargy or weakness
• Coughing or gagging
• Difficulty breathing
• Increased panting
• Decreased appetite
• Weight loss
• Fainting or collapsing episodes
• Abdominal distension
• Pale or blue gums

Nutritionally-mediated dilated cardiomyopathy diagnosis and treatment in pets

Bring your pet in for immediate veterinary care if they have DCM signs and tell your veterinarian if your pet has been eating a BEG diet. Your veterinarian will use a stethoscope to evaluate your pet’s heart rhythm and rate as well as listen to their lungs. Pets with nutritionally-mediated DCM have an increased risk for congestive heart failure which can cause muffled lung sounds because fluid is present. Diagnostic tests may include: 

• Blood tests —Various blood tests may be recommended to evaluate your pet’s overall organ function, electrolyte levels, presence of infection, cardiac protein levels, or nutritional deficiencies.
• Blood pressure —Pets with DCM may have elevated blood pressure.
• Electrocardiogram (EKG) — Problems with electrical activity in your pet’s heart can be detected with an EKG. Some pets may require a Holter monitor to review an EKG over a 24 hour-period. 
• X-rays — Pictures of your pet’s heart will provide an overall view of their chest cavity and allow your veterinarian to evaluate the heart and lungs, and detect abnormal fluid accumulation.    
• Echocardiogram —Anultrasound exam provides a real-time visualization of the entire heart to assess overall function and blood flow.  

Pets with nutritionally-mediated DCM have a guarded prognosis and early detection is key to ensure a more positive outcome. DCM has no cure but several treatments are available to slow the disease progression and help your pet remain comfortable. Treatment will depend on the severity of the disease. Pets with congestive heart failure may require hospitalization for stabilization and treatment, which may include: 

• Oxygen therapy 
• Intravenous diuretics to decrease fluid in the chest
• Pimobendan to improve heart strength and lower blood pressure
• Vasodilators to improve circulation
• Beta blockers to decrease blood pressure
• Bronchodilators to increase breathing ability
• Antiarrhythmic medications, to regulate heart rhythm 
• Specialized diet

Financial options for your pet’s nutritionally-mediated dilated cardiomyopathy 

Pets undergoing nutritionally-mediated DCM treatment may require an extended hospital stay, several checkups, and lifelong medical management which can result in a large veterinary bill. However, pet health insurance—like Trupanion—will ensure you can cover the costs for your pet’s veterinary care. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other alternative payment options include:

• Care Credit 
• Scratch Pay 
• Pet health savings accounts 
• Short-term loans 

Nutritionally-mediated dilated cardiomyopathy prevention in pets

Feeding your pet a complete and balanced diet approved by the Association of the American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) is the best way to prevent nutritionally-mediated DCM. AAFCO-approved foods contain all of the required nutrients needed to maintain your pet’s heart and overall organ health. Always consult your family veterinarian before changing your pet’s diet to ensure they are receiving required nutrients. 

Call your family veterinarian if your pet has been eating a BEG diet, or, if your pet has DCM signs. If it is after hours, call Animal Emergency Care for emergent help. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://ccah.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/areas-study/genetics/nutritionally-mediated-dcm

https://www.vet.cornell.edu/hospitals/companion-animal-hospital/cardiology/canine-dilated-cardiomyopathy-dcm

https://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/outreach/Pet-Health-Topics/categories/diseases/dilated-cardiomyopathy-in-dogs

The post When Less Is Not More: Understanding Nutritionally-Mediated Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Pets appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

#1: Avoid sharing your plate with your pet 

Many popular Thanksgiving dishes are the cause of holiday pet emergencies because rich fatty foods such as turkey with gravy or other marinated meats are difficult for pets to digest. Pets who indulge in the family meal are at risk for gastrointestinal problems including pancreatitis. This inflammatory condition can be life-threatening and require overnight hospital care. Many Thanksgiving dishes or ingredients may be toxic to pets and lead to kidney problems, heart arrhythmias, or blockages that could require surgery. Never feed your pet the following: 

• Spices and herbs — Stuffing, turkey brine, and other premade holiday foods often contain herbs, essential oils, and resins that can be toxic, especially to cats. Pets who eat these ingredients have an increased risk of gastrointestinal upset or central nervous system depression. 
• Onions, garlic, and chives — Small amounts can cause life-threatening anemia.  Signs that your pet has ingested these foods include panting, high heart rate, and blood in the urine.
• Raisins and grapes — Just one raisin or grape can cause kidney failure in dogs. Signs can occur up to two hours after ingestion and include vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, tremors, and excess urination.
• Yeast rolls — Eating unbaked yeast rolls or any raw dough can result in painful gas and intestinal bloating.
• Casseroles —Pets do not have enough of the enzyme lactase which is needed to properly digest the dairy products commonly used in most casserole dishes. Eating any milk-based product can cause gastrointestinal problems.
• Chocolate — All chocolate, but especially dark and baker’s chocolate, contain methylxanthine stimulants, specifically caffeine and theobromine, which can be deadly to dogs. Clinical signs include vomiting, diarrhea, hyperactivity, elevated heart rate, and possible death.
• Sugar-free treats — Many sugar-free foods and peanut butters contain the sweetener xylitol. Small amounts can be toxic to dogs and result in liver failure, seizures, and death in some cases.
• Alcohol — Desserts or beverages containing alcohol can cause a variety of problems including vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, tremors, or death. 

#2: Pet-proof your decor 

Pumpkin spice-flavored candles, decorative cornucopias, and festive flowers set the perfect Thanksgiving mood but can spell disaster for your pet. Always check the ASPCA toxic plant list before adorning your table or home with floral or plant centerpieces. Place lit candles out of paws’ reach to prevent singed whiskers and burned paws. Many scented candles, potpourri, and votives contain essential oils, which are toxic to pets, especially cats, puppies, or dogs with liver disease. Essential oils can be absorbed by inhalation or through the skin. The toxic effects vary and may include coughing, difficulty breathing, panting, seizures, and in some cases death. Ensure your Thanksgiving decor does not include any of these essential oils:

• Clove oil
• Eucalyptus oil
• Tea tree oil
• Wintergreen oil
• Oil of sweet birch
• Citrus oil
• Pine oil
• Ylang-ylang oil
• Peppermint oil
• Cinnamon oil
• Pennyroyal oil

#3: Prevent your pet from counter-surfing and dumpster diving 

Many curious noses will take advantage of the kitchen chaos during Thanksgiving meal preparations and post-meal cleanups. The tempting smells of sizzling meats and discarded food scraps are difficult for pets to resist, and nosy snouts may want to sample wrappers, leftovers, and discarded bones. Eating turkey bones or corn cobs can lead to intestinal obstructions or tears which may require emergency care and surgery. Wrappers with raw meat remnants can cause salmonella poisoning, leading to gastrointestinal distress, infection, or pancreatitis. Ensure that a pet-proof lid is placed on all garbage cans and frequently remove all garbage and food scraps from your home to prevent a Thanksgiving pet emergency. 

#4: Provide your pet a safe space during celebrations 

Loud noises, unfamiliar people, and strange smells can be stressful to pets so set up a safe space such as a crate or comfortable room where they can retreat during festivities. Play soft music, provide a special toy or treat, and consider using a pheromone spray such as Adaptil or Feliway to promote a calming environment. Pets with severe anxiety may benefit from a short-term prescription sedative or serotonin-increasing medication. It is easy to become distracted during the Thanksgiving chaos and some pets may go on an unplanned adventure to join the neighbors’ celebrations. Ensure your pet is wearing an identifiable collar and bring them to your family veterinarian to check that their microchip is functioning properly and your contact information is current. 

#5: Be prepared for pet emergencies 

Pet accidents can happen at any time despite your best efforts to prevent them. Common holiday emergencies including gastrointestinal inflammation or toxic food ingestion may require an extended hospital stay which can result in a larger veterinary bill. Fortunately several payment options are available to cover treatment costs including pet health insurance like Trupanion. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly, which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for your reimbursement. Other payment options include pet health savings accounts, Care Credit, Scratch Pay, and short-term loans.

Call your family veterinarian right away if your pet gets into any Thanksgiving trouble. If you need help after hours, contact Animal Emergency Care and bring your pet in for emergency treatment. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.avma.org/resources/pet-owners/petcare/thanksgiving-pet-safety

https://www.aspca.org/news/how-have-happy-healthy-and-humane-thanksgiving-your-pets

https://www.petmd.com/dog/seasonal/evr_multi_dangerous_winter_holiday_plants

https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/blog/essential-oils-cats/

The post No Bones About It: 5 Tips For A Safe Pets-Giving  appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is pancreatitis in pets? 

The pancreas is a small glandular organ located below the stomach that produces the hormones insulin and glucagon. The pancreas also secretes digestive enzymes that are essential to break down nutrients in the small intestine. 

A disruption in normal pancreatic function can result in pancreatitis, a painful and potentially life-threatening inflammatory condition that is common in dogs and cats. Abnormal release and activation of digestive enzymes like lipase can lead to pancreatic inflammation, tissue damage, toxin release, and damage to other organs such as the liver. Additionally, pets with pancreatitis have an increased risk for developing diabetes, abnormal bleeding or clotting problems, and brain damage. 

In some cases, there is no definitive cause for pancreatitis in pets. Breeds such as miniature schnauzers, cocker spaniels, dachshunds, and Yorkshire terriers also have an increased risk of developing pancreatitis. However, feeding your dog a rich, fatty meal or treat is the most common culprit. It is unknown if ingesting a fatty meal can cause pancreatitis in cats because more than 95 percent of cat pancreatitis cases have no identifiable underlying cause. Numerous pancreatitis risk factors exist for cats and dogs, including:

• Trauma to the pancreas 
• Pancreatic tumors
• Hormonal imbalances (i.e., hypothyroidism, diabetes)
• Insecticide exposure (i.e., organophosphate)
• Certain medications (i.e., chemotherapy agents, sulfa drugs)
• Irritable bowel disease in cats
• Toxoplasmosis in cats
• Feline distemper infection

Pancreatitis signs in pets

Signs of pancreatitis vary in pets and depend on the underlying cause and duration. Many affected cats will not show any obvious disease signs, and some cats may develop a concurrent fatty liver. Common signs may include: 

• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Lethargy
• Weakness
• Decreased appetite
• Weight loss
• Dehydration
• Fever
• Irregular heartbeat
• Low temperature in cats
• Yellow skin in cats 

Pancreatitis diagnosis and treatment in pets

Bring your pet in for immediate veterinary care if they have pancreatitis signs. Pancreatitis is painful to pets and can be deadly without treatment. Diagnosing pancreatitis can be challenging because it is not uncommon for multiple organ systems to be affected, and signs often mimic other diseases. Tell your veterinarian if your pet has had access to the garbage, a new treat, or any human food. Diagnostic testing may include a complete blood count and serum biochemistry test to check for systemic inflammation and overall organ function and to rule out underlying medical problems. Specialized blood tests to measure pancreatic enzyme levels also may be recommended. Other diagnostics may include advanced imaging such as an ultrasound or X-ray to examine the size, shape, and function of the pancreas.

In most cases, pets with pancreatitis will require a long-term hospitalization for stabilization and treatment. Fortunately, most pets who receive aggressive care and who do not have underlying medical conditions will recover. Treatments may include:

• Blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature monitoring 
• Intravenous fluids for dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and pancreatic support
• Pain medication
• Anti-nausea medication
• Gastroprotectant medications
• Antibiotics
• B12 vitamin injections
• Specialized diet

Financial options for your pet’s pancreatitis treatment

Pets undergoing pancreatitis treatment may require an extended hospital stay and several checkups, which can be expensive. Purchasing a pet health insurance plan like Trupanion when your pet is young will ensure funds are available for their emergency care. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly, which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other financial options available to cover treatment costs include: 

• Care Credit 
• Scratch Pay 
• Pet health savings account 
• Short-term loans 

Pancreatitis prevention in pets

Pancreatitis is not always preventable because the underlying cause cannot always be determined. However, you can decrease your pet’s risk by: 

• Not feeding them any people food, especially rich, fatty food
• Providing them with a complete and balanced diet, including pet-safe treats
• Bringing them in for yearly or more frequent veterinary visits to identify any underlying diseases and pancreatitis risks
• Not changing their diet without consulting your family veterinarian
• Helping them maintain a healthy weight 

Call your family veterinarian right away if your pet has pancreatitis signs. If you need help after hours, contact Animal Emergency Care and bring your pet in for immediate treatment. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4952412

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951457

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/digestive-system/the-exocrine-pancreas/pancreatitis-in-dogs-and-cats

https://www.aaha.org/your-pet/pet-owner-education/ask-aaha/Pancreatitis-in-Pets

https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/feline-pancreatitis

The post The Trickiness of Treats: Understanding Pet Pancreatitis appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is diabetes in pets?

Diabetes mellitus (i.e., sugar diabetes) affects one in nearly 300 cats and dogs. In rare cases, pets also may develop diabetes insipidus (i.e., water diabetes), a condition caused by an abnormally functioning pituitary gland. Diabetes mellitus is the most commonly diagnosed diabetes type in pets, and occurs when the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas do not function properly. Insulin is required for sugar (i.e., glucose) absorption in the body, which is vital for energy and overall organ function. Pets who do not produce adequate insulin become hyperglycemic because the sugar is not able to reach their cells and accumulates in their bloodstream and in their urine in some cases. Pets who are diagnosed have an increased risk for secondary bacterial and fungal infections, which can lead to long-term skin infections, bladder inflammation, lung problems, or an inflamed prostate in male pets. Pets who have uncontrolled or undiagnosed diabetes also are at risk for collapse and possible death. Such breeds as Australian terriers, beagles, and Samoyeds have an increased risk for developing diabetes because of a genetic predisposition. Other diabetes mellitus risk factors may include:

• Obesity
• Long-term use of steroid medications
• Adrenal disease, such as Cushing’s disease 
• Pituitary disease

Diabetes signs in pets

Disease signs are variable, and pets with advanced forms of diabetes are at risk for life-threatening ketoacidosis (DKA). Diabetes mellitus signs may include:

• Increased thirst
• Increased urination
• Increased or decreased appetite
• Weight loss
• Dull fur coat
• Cataracts in dogs
• Abnormal gait in cats

DKA signs may include:

• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Disorientation
• Depression 
• Lethargy 
• Coma 

Diabetes diagnosis and treatment in pets

Bring your pet in for emergency veterinary care if you suspect they have DKA, or bring your pet to your family veterinarian if they are showing signs of diabetes. Diagnosis is based on consistently high blood glucose and glucosuria, or sugar in the urine. Other diagnostic work may include a complete blood count and serum biochemistry test to check for an underlying infection and overall organ function. A urinalysis and urine culture test may be recommended to check for infection. Other diagnostic tests may include hormone level testing and advanced imaging such as an X-ray or ultrasound to check organ structure and function, and for any underlying disease. Your pet’s diabetic treatment may include:

• Insulin injections
• Specialized diet
• Antibiotics for secondary infections
• Regular blood glucose monitoring 
• Blood pressure monitoring

Diabetic dogs will require lifelong insulin treatments in most cases. Some cats may achieve remission. Pets who are diagnosed with DKA will require hospitalization for stabilization and treatment which may include:

• Electrolyte monitoring 
• Blood and urine glucose monitoring 
• Intravenous fluids for dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
• Short-acting insulin injections
• Anti-nausea medications
• Gastroprotectant medications

Financial options for your pet’s diabetes treatment

Diabetes treatment may require your pet to be hospitalized. In addition, your diabetic pet likely will require lifelong insulin injections, monitoring of their blood glucose, and regular veterinary checkups. Such long-term care can result in a larger veterinary bill. Fortunately multiple payment options are available to help you pay for your pet’s diabetic treatment. Pet health insurance providers like Trupanion offer policies that can pay your veterinary clinic directly, which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Care Credit and Scratch Pay allow you to spread payments over longer periods with delayed interest rates in some cases. Pet health savings accounts and short-term loans are also available to help. 

Diabetes prevention in pets 

Diabetes cannot always be prevented in pets. However, feeding your pet a well-balanced diet, ensuring they receive regular exercise, and helping them maintain a healthy weight will decrease their chances of becoming sick. Yearly or more frequent veterinary visits will ensure an early diabetes diagnosis and aid in the identification of underlying medical problems or diabetic risk factors.

Call your family veterinarian if you suspect your pet has diabetes. However, call Animal Emergency Care if your pet has any diabetes or DKA signs after hours, and bring them in for immediate care. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951506

https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/diabetes-dogs-and-cats-everything-you-need-know

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4952917

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/endocrine-system/the-pancreas/diabetes-mellitus-in-dogs-and-cats?query=diabetes

https://www.avma.org/resources/pet-owners/petcare/diabetes-pets

The post The Sugar Crash: Understanding Pet Diabetes appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is obesity in pets?  

It can be challenging to recognize that your pet is overweight or obese, especially in extra fluffy or longhaired breeds. Obesity is a nutritional disease caused by an excessive amount of adipose or fat tissue accumulation in your pet’s body. In most cases a pet is considered obese when their body weight exceeds more than 15% of their ideal weight. A pet’s body type, activity level, genetics, and nutritional needs are factored into determining their ideal weight. Additionally, the Association for Pet Obesity Prevention has established an ideal weight range chart  that can be used to evaluate a pet’s obesity risk. As a general rule, you should be able to feel your pet’s ribs but not be able to see them or have to search for them if they are at an appropriate weight. During your preventive care visits, your family veterinarian will weigh your pet and assign them a body condition score (BCS) that is recorded in their medical record and used to determine if they are a healthy weight. 

Pet obesity disease risks and signs

Your pet’s excess weight can lead to an increased risk for numerous medical problems because of special fat proteins that are released and that can cause body inflammation. Common diseases associated with pet obesity include:

• Osteoarthritis and intervertebral disc disease — Excess weight causes increased stress on your pet’s joints and can exacerbate cartilage breakdown which leads to arthritis or back pain. Signs may include difficulty lying down, limping, muscle wasting, and decreased interest in playing.   
• Diabetes and insulin resistance — Inflammation caused by excess weight can result in a pet’s inability to process glucose properly, and this can lead to diabetes, a potentially life-threatening condition. Signs may include increased thirst and urination, weight loss, cloudy eyes, and chronic skin or urinary infections. 
• Kidney disease —High blood pressure is a consequence of obesity, and this can lead to decreased blood circulation to vital organs including the kidneys. Signs may include increased thirst, increased urination, dehydration, and weight loss. 
• Heart and lung disease — Excess fat along the chest and abdomen can cause pressure on the heart and lungs which can result in decreased oxygen levels. Signs may include increased panting and abnormal breathing. 
• Cancer — Like overweight humans, obese pets have an increased risk for certain cancers. Cancer signs are variable depending on the location and tumor type and may include decreased appetite, pain, non-healing wounds, lethargy, and weight loss. 

Pet obesity diagnosis and treatment 

Bring your pet in for a veterinary examination if you suspect they are obese, or if they are showing associated disease signs. Your veterinarian will perform a nose-to-tail examination which will include a weight and BCS evaluation. Diagnostic tests may include blood work to check for infection and overall organ health and a urinalysis to evaluate your pet’s bladder health and kidney function. Hormone tests also may be recommended to rule out underlying causes for your pet’s obesity such as hypothyroidism. Imaging such as X-rays may be recommended to examine your pet’s organs and joints. 

Treatments will be based on the underlying cause of your pet’s obesity. Pets with severe signs such as breathing or heart problems may require a hospital stay for oxygen therapy, monitoring, and required treatments. Your veterinarian will discuss a weight loss plan which may include specialized diets and an exercise program. 

Financial options for obesity treatments in pets

Pets who are on a weight loss program or who are undergoing treatment for diseases such as arthritis or diabetes may require a hospital stay and several veterinary check-ups which can result in a large veterinary bill. However, purchasing a pet health insurance plan like Trupanion can ensure funds are available for emergency treatments and long-term care. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other financial options available to cover treatment costs include Care Credit, Scratch Pay, pet health savings accounts, and short-term loans. 

Pet obesity prevention 

Discuss with your veterinarian the best nutritional and exercise plan for your pet. Your pet’s daily calorie needs will be based on several factors including their breed and activity level, but this chart provides a range. Pets who maintain a healthy weight live more than two years longer than pets who are obese and have fewer medical problems. Obesity prevention tips include:

• Incorporating daily activity such as short, frequent walks into your pet’s routine
• Taking your pet for yearly or more frequent veterinary visits to monitor their weight and overall health
• Ensuring your pet’s treats make up no more than 10% of their total daily calories
• Using a measuring cup to ensure you are feeding your pet the correct amount of food
• Regularly checking your pet’s BCS with this chart to evaluate their weight in between veterinary visits

Bring your pet to your family veterinarian to discuss weight loss options and treatments for associated problems. If your pet develops obesity-related complications such as breathing problems or pain, Animal Emergency Care is available to help 24 hours a day. #AECprevents

The post Too Much of a Good Thing: The Pet Obesity Problem appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

#1: Osteoarthritis in pets

Age is not a disease, but your pet’s organs and body may begin to show signs of wear and tear as they approach their grey muzzle years. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint and bone condition that is common in middle-aged and senior pets. However, any pet may develop osteoarthritis or degenerative joint problems. Pets who previously have experienced dislocated joints, or bone, ligament, or tendon trauma have an increased risk for osteoarthritis. In fact, more than 20% of dogs may experience joint problems in their life and more than 40% of cats may suffer from degenerative joint disease. Like human joints, your pet’s joints are protected by cartilage which provides a smooth surface for their bones to glide over during movement. Erosion of the cartilage over time can lead to chronic inflammation and pain. Recognizing osteoarthritis signs in pets may be challenging because they may mimic other disease signs or problems. Bring your pet in for a veterinary examination if they show the following:

• Limping
• Hunched posture
• Urinating or defecating outside of the litter box in cats
• Muscle atrophy
• Difficulty moving, getting up, or lying down
• Irritability when touched or picked up

#2: Intervertebral disc disease in pets

Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) occurs when the cushioning disc between the spinal column bones, or vertebrae, bulges or slips out of its normal location. Bulging discs can lead to neuropathic pain in pets because of pressure or damage to the surrounding nerves. IVDD also can cause paralysis in severe cases and requires immediate veterinary care. Additionally, activities such as running or jumping can cause a ruptured disc. Small breed dogs such as dachshunds have an increased risk of IVDD because of their body shape, but pets of any breed can experience the disease, especially those who are obese. Bring your pet in for a veterinary examination if they have any of the following IVDD signs:

• Abnormal walking or knuckling over of the paws 
• Reluctance to jump or climb stairs
• Weakness in the rear limbs 
• Vocalization
• Anxious behavior
• Tense muscles or hunched posture
• Decreased appetite
• Difficulty posturing to eliminate

#3: Pancreatitis in pets

It can be hard to resist your pet’s drooling stares at your dinner plate, and it may be tempting to give them the last bite of steak. However, feeding your pet fatty, rich treats can lead to pancreatitis. The painful, potentially deadly inflammatory condition is often caused by the sudden release of pancreatic digestive enzymes. Pancreatitis is more common in dogs, but cats also can be affected. Pets who have pancreatitis are at risk for dehydration and organ damage and should receive immediate veterinary care. Pancreatitis severity and signs are variable and pets with mild signs may not require hospitalization. Signs of pancreatitis may include:

• Lethargy
• Decreased appetite
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea 
• Fever
• Abdominal pain

#4: Periodontal disease in pets

Many pet owners dislike their pet’s smelly “dog breath” and may mistake the odor as normal. However, bad breath is often the first clue that your pet is suffering from painful periodontal disease. Dental disease is a common problem in pets, and more than 80% of dogs and cats will have dental problems by the time they are 3 years old. Dental disease is a progressive condition and over time dangerous oral bacteria can lead to loose teeth, gum inflammation, or painful tooth abscesses which may require surgery. Oral bacteria also can travel through the bloodstream and cause life-threatening kidney, liver, or heart infections. Pets who have dental disease often will continue to eat, which can make it challenging for pet owners to recognize their pet is in pain. Bring your pet in for a veterinary examination if they have bad breath or exhibit the following signs:

• Excessive drooling
• Decreased appetite
• Swollen or red gums
• Irritability or increased hiding in cats
• Abnormal or difficulty chewing
• Dropping food from the mouth while eating
• Refusal or reluctance to take hard treats
• Swelling around the mouth
• Nasal discharge
• Bleeding from the mouth or blood on chew toys
• Pain when touching the mouth or face

#5: Traumatic injuries in pets 

Traumatic injuries in pets can range from a mild skin abrasion to a more severe injury such as a broken leg. Pets who have suffered a severe trauma, such as being struck by a car or falling from any height, often have multiple injuries, including internal injuries that may not be immediately obvious. Do not wait to bring your pet in for a veterinary examination if they have experienced any trauma, even if they are not showing obvious signs of pain. Common trauma signs may include:

• Limping or inability to walk or stand up on all four legs
• Puncture wounds from another animal
• Swelling on any part of the body
• Active bleeding anywhere that does not stop after five minutes
• Bleeding from the mouth, nose, ears, or rectum, or when urinating
• Exposed tissue, bones, or muscles
• Yelping, meowing, or barking when touched or moved

Call your family veterinarian if you suspect your pet has been injured or is experiencing any of the conditions described here. However, if they are showing signs of pain after hours, call Animal Emergency Care. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.petmd.com/dog/centers/nutrition/evr_multi_how-to-recognize-arthritis-signs-in-pets

https://www.aaha.org/your-pet/pet-owner-education/ask-aaha/Pancreatitis-in-Pets

https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/neurological/c_dg_intervertebral_disc_disease

https://www.aaha.org/globalassets/05-pet-health-resources/mobilitymatters.pdf

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/digestive-system/the-exocrine-pancreas/pancreatitis-in-dogs-and-cats

The post 5 Common Painful Conditions in Pets appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.