What is salmon poisoning in pets? 

Salmon poisoning, which is also referred to as salmon poisoning disease (SPD), is an acute infectious disease affecting dogs and other canid species caused by a rickettsial bacteria found in parasitic flukes, or flatworms. This disease is found only in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. SPD is a misleading name because no toxin is involved in this disease. Rather, infection occurs when a dog ingests a raw trout, salmon, or Pacific salamander that contains flukes infected with the Neorickettsia helminthoeca rickettsial organism. SPD can be complicated when dogs are infected with a secondary bacterium, Neorickettsia elokominica, which may cause a less severe illness and is referred to as Elokomin fluke fever. Dog-to-dog transmission of these bacteria is rare. 

Salmon poisoning signs in pets

Dogs who ingest raw fish infected with fluke larvae that do not contain rickettsia bacteria may show minor gastrointestinal signs such as diarrhea. Dogs who are infected with the Elokomin fluke fever bacterium may experience a milder infection and enlarged lymph nodes. Your dog will usually show signs in 10 days if they ingest a fish containing flukes infected with the SPD bacterium, but infection signs may not be present for 33 days in some cases. Signs may include:

• Fever, followed by hypothermia
• Depression 
• Decreased appetite
• Nausea and vomiting
• Bloody diarrhea
• Dehydration
• Weight loss
• Nasal or eye discharge
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Seizures

Salmon poisoning diagnosis and treatment in pets

Bring your dog for immediate veterinary care if they have ingested a raw fish or have SPD signs because SPD is fatal in 90% of pets who do not receive treatment. However, dogs who receive immediate veterinary care have a good prognosis. Diagnostic tests including a fecal examination to look for fluke eggs, serologic tests, a DNA PCR test, and a lymph node cytology exam may be recommended to confirm a SPD diagnosis. Your veterinarian may recommend a complete blood count, electrolyte test, and serum biochemistry test to rule out any concurrent or underlying medical problems. Dogs who are infected will require antibiotics. Additional treatments may include:

• Intravenous fluids to correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalances 
• Gastrointestinal protectants
• Anti-nausea medication
• Specialized warming pads
• Deworming medication 
• Blood transfusions
• Specialized diet

Payment options for a pet’s salmon poisoning treatment

Pets undergoing SPD treatment may require an extended hospital stay and several checkups which can be expensive. Consider purchasing a health insurance plan like Trupanion when your dog is young to ensure funds are available for such long-term care. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other financial options available to cover treatment costs include: 

• Care Credit — Care Credit offers specialized credit cards that can help delay interest payments.
• Scratch Pay — This service provides fast flexible payment options with variable interest rates depending on an individual’s credit. 
• Pet health savings account — Many financial institutions offer incentives for opening pet health savings accounts which ensure you have funds budgeted for your pet’s medical care.
• Short-term loans — These loans often have high interest rates but can be used as a last resort.

Salmon poisoning prevention in pets

Ensure you prevent your dog from consuming Pacific salamanders in addition to raw salmon, trout, steelhead, or similar freshwater fish. Secure your pet and closely monitor them when they are near or in any fresh water streams to prevent an accidental ingestion of infected fish. Additionally, prevent your dog from contacting any trash cans which may contain raw fish.  

Salmon disease poisoning is fatal without treatment. If you observe your dog ingesting raw fish or if they are showing SPD signs immediately bring them to Animal Emergency Care or call your family veterinarian. #AECprevents

Sources: 

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/dog-owners/disorders-affecting-multiple-body-systems-of-dogs/salmon-poisoning-disease-and-elokomin-fluke-fever-in-dogs

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/rickettsial-diseases/salmon-poisoning-disease-and-elokomin-fluke-fever-in-animals

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4952985

The post Something’s Fishy: Salmon Poisoning in Pets appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is flea and tick preventive toxicity in cats? 

Flea and tick prevention medication is a vital component of your pet’s health and prevents uncomfortable itching, skin infections, and infectious disease. However, pyrethrin and pyrethroid-containing insecticides which are used in many commercially available OTC preventives are the culprit for many cat emergencies. Pyrethrins are naturally occurring ingredients derived from chrysanthemum plants and other pyrethrum-related plant species. This ingredient is also used in many gardens to prevent insects from destroying plants and flowers. Pyrethroids are synthetically made insecticides that have a longer-lasting effect. Pyrethrin-containing flea and tick prevention products may be safely used in dogs, but cats metabolize medications differently than dogs and they lack the required enzymes to safely break down pyrethrins. The most common cause of flea and tick preventive toxicity in cats occurs when dog-specific flea preventives are accidentally given to a cat. Additionally, cats who lick or groom excessively after receiving spot-on prevention, or cats who groom a dog who has topical flea medication on their fur, have an increased risk for toxicity. Young kittens, senior cats, cats with underlying health issues, and cats with hypothermia also have an increased risk for flea and tick preventive toxicity. Pyrethrin and pyrethroid toxicity affects your cat’s nervous system, and can be deadly without treatment. 

Flea and tick preventive toxicity signs in cats 

Toxicity signs can occur immediately or more than 12 hours after exposure. Signs are variable and depend on the cat’s age and weight, and the type and amount of toxin exposure, and may include:

• Ear twitching
• Paw flicking
• Muscle tremors
• Incoordination 
• Fever
• Hypersalivation
• Vomiting and diarrhea
• Hives
• Respiratory distress
• Depression
• Lethargy
• Seizures

Flea and tick preventive toxicity diagnosis and treatment in cats

Your pet needs immediate veterinary care if they have flea and tick preventive toxicity signs. Diagnosis is based on their history of flea and tick preventive exposure and clinical signs. Additional diagnostic tests may include a complete blood count and serum biochemistry test to check overall organ function and rule out any underlying medical problems. Pets with severe signs who receive immediate veterinary care will usually recover. Treatment may include:

• A warm water bath with liquid dish soap to remove remaining residue
• Monitoring their heart rate and blood pressure
• Monitoring and regulating body temperature
• Intravenous fluids
• Antihistamine medications if hives are present
• Anti-nausea medications 
• Gastrointestinal protectant medications
• Muscle relaxants
• Anti-seizure medication

Financial planning for treatment of flea and tick preventive toxicity in cats

Cats who are experiencing flea and tick preventive toxicity may require hospitalization for several days, which can result in a large veterinary bill. Fortunately, multiple payment options are available to ensure you can cover the cost of your pet’s emergency care for an accidental poisoning. Care Credit and Scratch Pay allow you to spread payments over longer periods with delayed interest rates in some cases. Additionally, pet health insurance providers like Trupanion offer policies that can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Pet health savings accounts and short-term loans can also be used to pay for your cat’s emergency veterinary care. 

Flea and tick preventive toxicity prevention in cats

Many accidental cat poisonings occur from giving a cat a dog-specific preventive. Ensure you read all directions carefully before giving your cat any medications and never apply any dog products on your cat. Other prevention tips include:

• Consult your family veterinarian on the safest flea and tick prevention method for your cat.
• Keep household animals separated after applying any spot-on flea medication so the treatment can absorb and dry on their fur.
• Prevent your cat from accessing any yard that has been treated with an insecticide.
• Ensure you give your cat the correct amount of flea and tick preventive according to their weight and age because some products cannot be given to young, small pets.

If your cat is showing flea and tick preventive toxicity signs, immediately bring them to Animal Emergency Care if it is after hours, or call your family veterinarian. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/neurological/c_ct_pyrethrin_pyrethroid_toxicity

https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/blog/common-flea-tick-toxicity-questions-answers

https://icatcare.org/advice/permethrin-poisoning

The post Pet Poison Prevention: Understanding Flea and Tick Preventive Toxicity in Cats appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is feline lower urinary tract disease in cats? 

FLUTD is a complex disease syndrome that encompasses a variety of conditions that can affect a cat’s lower urinary tract which includes the bladder, urethra, and urinary opening. FLUTD previously had several different names including feline urologic syndrome, feline urinary syndrome, feline interstitial cystitis, and Pandora syndrome. Cats of any age can be affected by FLUTD; however, middle-aged, overweight, indoor felines have an increased risk for developing this disease. Other risk factors include:

• Multi-cat households
• Sudden changes in routine
• Environmental stress, such as new people or noises
• Not drinking water regularly 
• Lack of exercise 
• Not enough varied enrichment toys
• Lack of a private area to retreat to

FLUTD may include one or more of the following medical problems:

• Urinary tract infection — Bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites can infect your cat’s urinary tract and cause an increased urgency to urinate.
• Urinary stones (uroliths) — A collection of minerals in the urinary tract may lead to urethral or bladder stones. Calcium oxalate and struvite uroliths are the most common.
• Urethral obstruction — Uroliths can cause a partial or full blockage of the urethra, which is considered a life-threatening emergency. Male cats are most at risk. 
• Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) — FIC is the most commonly diagnosed condition in FLUTD cats younger than 10. This disease is not fully understood and may affect other organ systems. 

Feline lower urinary tract disease signs in cats 

FLUTD signs are similar in affected cats, but their severity will vary depending on the underlying cause. Signs may include:

• Difficulty urinating
• Frequent trips to the litter box
• Urinating small amounts
• Vocalizing in pain during urination attempts
• Bloody urine
• Urinating in unusual places
• Excessive licking of the genital area
• Lack of urine production during trips to the litter box which should be treated as a medical emergency

Feline lower urinary tract disease diagnosis and treatment in cats 

Bring your pet in for immediate veterinary care if they have FLUTD signs because cats who have a urinary obstruction are at risk for death. Diagnosing FLUTD can be challenging since multiple underlying conditions may lead to this disease. Ensure you tell your veterinarian about any environmental changes that may be contributing to your cat’s FLUTD. Diagnostic testing may include a complete blood count and serum biochemistry test to check for systemic inflammation, overall organ function, and any underlying medical problems. Your cat’s urine will be evaluated with a urinalysis to check for the presence of blood and urinary crystals, and their overall urine health. A urine culture may be recommended to check for infective organisms. Other diagnostics may include advanced imaging, such as an ultrasound or X-ray to check for the presence of uroliths or other bladder problems. Cats with severe signs including a urinary obstruction or urinary stones will need to be hospitalized for stabilization and treatment which may include:

• Sedation or general anesthesia to remove a urinary blockage and place a urinary catheter
• Surgery to remove bladder stones
• Blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature monitoring 
• Intravenous fluids for dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and flushing out toxins
• Medication for urethral spasms
• Pain medication
• Antibiotics
• Behavioral or calming medications
• Specialized diet

Financial options for your cat’s feline lower urinary tract disease

Pets undergoing FLUTD treatment may require an extended hospital stay, several checkups, and long-term medical management which can be expensive. However, purchasing a pet health insurance plan like Trupanion when your pet is young will ensure funds are available for their emergency care. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly, which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other financial options available to cover treatment costs include: 

• Care Credit 
• Scratch Pay 
• Pet health savings accounts 
• Short-term loans 

Feline lower urinary tract disease prevention in cats

FLUTD is not always preventable because the underlying cause may not be identified in some cases.  Ensure your cat’s environment is low-stress, and provide them with adequate toys and enrichment tools, such as those described here. Other prevention tips include:

• Providing clean, fresh water daily
• Ensuring an adequate number of litter boxes—one box per household cat, plus one additional box 
• Cleaning your cat’s litter box a minimum of twice daily
• Avoiding sudden changes in your cat’s environment and routine
• Decreasing stress with a cat pheromone spray, such as Feliway
• Consulting your family veterinarian about the best nutritional options for your cat

Call your family veterinarian right away if your pet has FLUTD signs. If you need help after hours, contact Animal Emergency Care and bring your pet in for treatment. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.avma.org/resources/pet-owners/petcare/feline-lower-urinary-tract-disease

https://fearfreepets.com/managing-flutd

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951487

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951488

https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/feline-lower-urinary-tract-disease

The post A Complex Cat Condition: Understanding Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is nutritionally-mediated dilated cardiomyopathy in pets?

Your pet’s heart functions like a well-oiled machine keeping the blood flowing and carrying oxygen to vital organs. DCM is a heart condition in pets that is caused by a heart muscle disorder, and results in an enlarged heart, weakened contractions, decreased pumping ability, and leaky heart valves. DCM can occur in any dog or cat breed. However large breed dogs—including boxers, Great Danes, Doberman pinschers, and King Charles spaniels—have an increased risk because of a genetic predisposition. Previously, DCM was commonly diagnosed in cats who did not receive a balanced diet because cats lack the ability to produce taurine, an essential amino acid that is important for proper heart function. Now a recent study has shown compelling evidence that limited-ingredient boutique, exotic, and grain-free (BEG) diets,  including grain-free, legume-based, chickpea-based and raw diet pet foods, have led to an increase of DCM in dogs. Pets who develop nutritionally-mediated DCM are at risk for congestive heart failure, which can be fatal.

Nutritionally-mediated dilated cardiomyopathy signs in pets

Signs vary and may not be immediately obvious during the early stages of the disease. Some pets also may succumb to nutritionally-mediated DCM without any signs, so regular examinations by your family veterinarian are key for early diagnosis. Disruptions to your pet’s heart muscle and flow pattern may reveal an audible murmur which can be heard during a veterinary examination. Signs may include: 

• Increased heart rate
• Exercise intolerance 
• Lethargy or weakness
• Coughing or gagging
• Difficulty breathing
• Increased panting
• Decreased appetite
• Weight loss
• Fainting or collapsing episodes
• Abdominal distension
• Pale or blue gums

Nutritionally-mediated dilated cardiomyopathy diagnosis and treatment in pets

Bring your pet in for immediate veterinary care if they have DCM signs and tell your veterinarian if your pet has been eating a BEG diet. Your veterinarian will use a stethoscope to evaluate your pet’s heart rhythm and rate as well as listen to their lungs. Pets with nutritionally-mediated DCM have an increased risk for congestive heart failure which can cause muffled lung sounds because fluid is present. Diagnostic tests may include: 

• Blood tests —Various blood tests may be recommended to evaluate your pet’s overall organ function, electrolyte levels, presence of infection, cardiac protein levels, or nutritional deficiencies.
• Blood pressure —Pets with DCM may have elevated blood pressure.
• Electrocardiogram (EKG) — Problems with electrical activity in your pet’s heart can be detected with an EKG. Some pets may require a Holter monitor to review an EKG over a 24 hour-period. 
• X-rays — Pictures of your pet’s heart will provide an overall view of their chest cavity and allow your veterinarian to evaluate the heart and lungs, and detect abnormal fluid accumulation.    
• Echocardiogram —Anultrasound exam provides a real-time visualization of the entire heart to assess overall function and blood flow.  

Pets with nutritionally-mediated DCM have a guarded prognosis and early detection is key to ensure a more positive outcome. DCM has no cure but several treatments are available to slow the disease progression and help your pet remain comfortable. Treatment will depend on the severity of the disease. Pets with congestive heart failure may require hospitalization for stabilization and treatment, which may include: 

• Oxygen therapy 
• Intravenous diuretics to decrease fluid in the chest
• Pimobendan to improve heart strength and lower blood pressure
• Vasodilators to improve circulation
• Beta blockers to decrease blood pressure
• Bronchodilators to increase breathing ability
• Antiarrhythmic medications, to regulate heart rhythm 
• Specialized diet

Financial options for your pet’s nutritionally-mediated dilated cardiomyopathy 

Pets undergoing nutritionally-mediated DCM treatment may require an extended hospital stay, several checkups, and lifelong medical management which can result in a large veterinary bill. However, pet health insurance—like Trupanion—will ensure you can cover the costs for your pet’s veterinary care. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other alternative payment options include:

• Care Credit 
• Scratch Pay 
• Pet health savings accounts 
• Short-term loans 

Nutritionally-mediated dilated cardiomyopathy prevention in pets

Feeding your pet a complete and balanced diet approved by the Association of the American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) is the best way to prevent nutritionally-mediated DCM. AAFCO-approved foods contain all of the required nutrients needed to maintain your pet’s heart and overall organ health. Always consult your family veterinarian before changing your pet’s diet to ensure they are receiving required nutrients. 

Call your family veterinarian if your pet has been eating a BEG diet, or, if your pet has DCM signs. If it is after hours, call Animal Emergency Care for emergent help. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://ccah.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/areas-study/genetics/nutritionally-mediated-dcm

https://www.vet.cornell.edu/hospitals/companion-animal-hospital/cardiology/canine-dilated-cardiomyopathy-dcm

https://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/outreach/Pet-Health-Topics/categories/diseases/dilated-cardiomyopathy-in-dogs

The post When Less Is Not More: Understanding Nutritionally-Mediated Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Pets appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

#1: Osteoarthritis in pets

Age is not a disease, but your pet’s organs and body may begin to show signs of wear and tear as they approach their grey muzzle years. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint and bone condition that is common in middle-aged and senior pets. However, any pet may develop osteoarthritis or degenerative joint problems. Pets who previously have experienced dislocated joints, or bone, ligament, or tendon trauma have an increased risk for osteoarthritis. In fact, more than 20% of dogs may experience joint problems in their life and more than 40% of cats may suffer from degenerative joint disease. Like human joints, your pet’s joints are protected by cartilage which provides a smooth surface for their bones to glide over during movement. Erosion of the cartilage over time can lead to chronic inflammation and pain. Recognizing osteoarthritis signs in pets may be challenging because they may mimic other disease signs or problems. Bring your pet in for a veterinary examination if they show the following:

• Limping
• Hunched posture
• Urinating or defecating outside of the litter box in cats
• Muscle atrophy
• Difficulty moving, getting up, or lying down
• Irritability when touched or picked up

#2: Intervertebral disc disease in pets

Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) occurs when the cushioning disc between the spinal column bones, or vertebrae, bulges or slips out of its normal location. Bulging discs can lead to neuropathic pain in pets because of pressure or damage to the surrounding nerves. IVDD also can cause paralysis in severe cases and requires immediate veterinary care. Additionally, activities such as running or jumping can cause a ruptured disc. Small breed dogs such as dachshunds have an increased risk of IVDD because of their body shape, but pets of any breed can experience the disease, especially those who are obese. Bring your pet in for a veterinary examination if they have any of the following IVDD signs:

• Abnormal walking or knuckling over of the paws 
• Reluctance to jump or climb stairs
• Weakness in the rear limbs 
• Vocalization
• Anxious behavior
• Tense muscles or hunched posture
• Decreased appetite
• Difficulty posturing to eliminate

#3: Pancreatitis in pets

It can be hard to resist your pet’s drooling stares at your dinner plate, and it may be tempting to give them the last bite of steak. However, feeding your pet fatty, rich treats can lead to pancreatitis. The painful, potentially deadly inflammatory condition is often caused by the sudden release of pancreatic digestive enzymes. Pancreatitis is more common in dogs, but cats also can be affected. Pets who have pancreatitis are at risk for dehydration and organ damage and should receive immediate veterinary care. Pancreatitis severity and signs are variable and pets with mild signs may not require hospitalization. Signs of pancreatitis may include:

• Lethargy
• Decreased appetite
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea 
• Fever
• Abdominal pain

#4: Periodontal disease in pets

Many pet owners dislike their pet’s smelly “dog breath” and may mistake the odor as normal. However, bad breath is often the first clue that your pet is suffering from painful periodontal disease. Dental disease is a common problem in pets, and more than 80% of dogs and cats will have dental problems by the time they are 3 years old. Dental disease is a progressive condition and over time dangerous oral bacteria can lead to loose teeth, gum inflammation, or painful tooth abscesses which may require surgery. Oral bacteria also can travel through the bloodstream and cause life-threatening kidney, liver, or heart infections. Pets who have dental disease often will continue to eat, which can make it challenging for pet owners to recognize their pet is in pain. Bring your pet in for a veterinary examination if they have bad breath or exhibit the following signs:

• Excessive drooling
• Decreased appetite
• Swollen or red gums
• Irritability or increased hiding in cats
• Abnormal or difficulty chewing
• Dropping food from the mouth while eating
• Refusal or reluctance to take hard treats
• Swelling around the mouth
• Nasal discharge
• Bleeding from the mouth or blood on chew toys
• Pain when touching the mouth or face

#5: Traumatic injuries in pets 

Traumatic injuries in pets can range from a mild skin abrasion to a more severe injury such as a broken leg. Pets who have suffered a severe trauma, such as being struck by a car or falling from any height, often have multiple injuries, including internal injuries that may not be immediately obvious. Do not wait to bring your pet in for a veterinary examination if they have experienced any trauma, even if they are not showing obvious signs of pain. Common trauma signs may include:

• Limping or inability to walk or stand up on all four legs
• Puncture wounds from another animal
• Swelling on any part of the body
• Active bleeding anywhere that does not stop after five minutes
• Bleeding from the mouth, nose, ears, or rectum, or when urinating
• Exposed tissue, bones, or muscles
• Yelping, meowing, or barking when touched or moved

Call your family veterinarian if you suspect your pet has been injured or is experiencing any of the conditions described here. However, if they are showing signs of pain after hours, call Animal Emergency Care. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.petmd.com/dog/centers/nutrition/evr_multi_how-to-recognize-arthritis-signs-in-pets

https://www.aaha.org/your-pet/pet-owner-education/ask-aaha/Pancreatitis-in-Pets

https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/neurological/c_dg_intervertebral_disc_disease

https://www.aaha.org/globalassets/05-pet-health-resources/mobilitymatters.pdf

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/digestive-system/the-exocrine-pancreas/pancreatitis-in-dogs-and-cats

The post 5 Common Painful Conditions in Pets appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

#1: Acute pain in pets

No pet owner wants their furry pal to experience pain. At the same time, pain is important and serves as an alert to protect an injured area and prevent further injury. Acute pain is a recent, noticeable response to something that happens suddenly, such as a cut paw during a run at the park or burned whiskers from a curious nose investigating a sizzling steak. Other common causes of acute pain include trauma, bruising, crushing injuries, cuts, or other body injuries. Postsurgical or procedural pain also is considered acute. Acute pain is often sharp, throbbing, or aching and usually improves within three days after the traumatic event or surgery. However, without treatment, acute pain can become chronic. Common signs of acute pain may include:

• Behavior changes such as hiding or resisting handling
• Limping 
• Guarding a body part such as paw or tail
• Licking, biting, or rubbing the affected area

#2: Chronic pain in pets

Chronic or persistent pain can be stressful to pets and decreases their overall quality of life and wellness. Chronic pain is typically a dull, ongoing pain. It does not serve a protective purpose, unlike acute pain. Recognizing chronic pain can be tricky for pet owners because subtle signs may be similar to normal age-related changes like slowing down or sleeping more. Additionally, many pets who experience chronic pain will continue to participate in normal activities such as eating or playing. But if your pet has chronic, painful dental disease, it may take them longer to finish a meal or they may resist hard food treats and continue to eat canned food. Osteoarthritis, or joint disease, is a common source of chronic pain for pets and more than 20% of dogs are affected. Pets with this type of pain may have changes in posture or stiff limbs after sleeping or napping. Other chronic pain signs may include:

• Decreased appetite
• Changes in breathing patterns or increased panting when at rest
• Changes in movement or posture
• Decreased interest in long walks or games of fetch
• Behavior changes such as irritability 

#3: Cancer pain in pets 

Cancer pain can be acute and chronic. New fast-growing masses are considered acutely painful because they can invade surrounding tissues, nerves, or bones. A primary bone tumor is the most common pain-causing cancer, but any type of tumor can be associated with pain. Acute pain also may be caused by cancer surgery or treatments such as radiation therapy. As the cancer progresses, your pet could experience chronic pain from long-term effects of the disease like tissue inflammation or secondary infections. It can be challenging for pet owners to recognize cancer signs because the tumor may not be visible. Bring your pet in for a veterinary examination if they show the following signs which could be associated with cancer pain:

• Decreased appetite
• Lethargy
• Weight loss 
• Wounds that do not heal
• Limping that occurs without an injury 
• Abdominal swelling
• Swollen joints
• Abnormal bleeding

#4: Neuropathic pain in pets

Neuropathic pain can occur from an injury or disease that affects a pet’s nerves or nerve function within the spinal cord. Nerve damage or inflammation often results in a tingling sensation that is difficult to diagnose in pets because they cannot communicate a pins-and-needles sensation in their limbs. Neuropathic pain is often chronic and associated with mobility problems, similar to pets who have osteoarthritis. Common signs of neuropathic pain may include:

• Limping or dragging of limbs
• Shaking or twitching skin
• Muscle atrophy
• Inappropriate elimination 
• Decreased appetite
• Vocalization

Call your family veterinarian if you suspect your pet is in pain. If your pet is showing signs of pain after hours, call Animal Emergency Care. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/management-and-nutrition/pain-assessment-and-management/recognition-and-assessment-of-pain-in-animals

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/special-pet-topics/pain-management/types-of-pain

https://www.zoetispetcare.com/blog/article/chronic-acute-pain-dogs

https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/neurological/c_dg_neuropathic_pain

https://www.dvm360.com/view/understanding-and-recognizing-cancer-pain-dogs-and-cats

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/special-pet-topics/cancer-and-tumors/caring-for-a-pet-with-cancer

The post Understanding 4 Types of Pain in Your Pet  appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

Infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) is one of your dog’s core vaccinations. Although ICH is now rarely seen because of widespread dog vaccination programs, puppies and adult dogs who are not vaccinated are at risk for this potentially deadly virus. Additionally, dogs who recover from ICH may have lifelong kidney and eye problems. Our Animal Emergency Care team wants to ensure your dog is protected from this dangerous disease, and we discuss ICH signs, treatment, and prevention. 

What is infectious canine hepatitis in dogs? 

ICH is a highly contagious virus caused by the canine adenovirus 1 (CAV-1) that affects dogs and some wildlife including wolves, coyotes, and bears. Although hepatitis refers to liver inflammation, ICH can affect multiple organ systems including the lungs, gastrointestinal system, kidneys, and central nervous system. ICH can also cause eye problems and clotting disorders. This virus is often confused with other infectious diseases including parvovirus and infectious tracheobronchitis (i.e., kennel cough), because the organ systems affected and the clinical signs are similar. ICH is primarily spread through exposure to an infected animal’s bodily fluids, including urine, feces, or saliva. Puppies, or adult dogs with underlying medical problems, are most at risk for a severe infection, and older dogs may experience mild signs that do not require treatment. Common ways a dog may become infected with ICH include:

• Ingestion of an infected dog’s feces or urine
• Direct contact with an infected dog
• Exposure to infected wildlife
• Contact with an infected dog’s sneeze droplets
• Staying at a boarding facility or shelter where infected dogs are present

Infectious canine hepatitis signs in dogs 

ICH signs are similar to other common dog infectious diseases, and severity will depend on the infected dog’s immune system. Signs may occur two to five days after ICH exposure, and are dependent on the organ system that is affected. Dogs who are diagnosed with ICH may shed the virus in their urine for more than six months. ICH may be fatal in some cases. Signs may include:

• Fever
• Nasal congestion
• Sneezing and coughing
• Eye and nasal discharge
• Redness around the eyes
• Corneal clouding or a blue hue to the eyes
• Difficulty breathing
• Lethargy
• Elevated heart rate
• Loss of appetite
• Vomiting and diarrhea
• Depression
• Bruising
• Abdominal pain
• Yellowing of the skin
• Seizures

Infectious canine hepatitis diagnosis and treatment in dogs 

Your dog needs a veterinary examination if they show ICH signs. Diagnosis is based on your dog’s medical history, clinical signs, and potential ICH exposure history. A serology test to check for CAV-1 antibodies, or a PCR test to look for viral particles in samples of an infected dog’s saliva, discharge, or urine will provide a definitive diagnosis. Other diagnostic tests may include a complete blood count to check for secondary infections or an associated disease, and a serum biochemistry test to evaluate organ function. Coagulation tests may also be recommended to check for blood clotting problems. Advanced imaging such as an X-ray or ultrasound may be used to evaluate an enlarged liver or the presence of abdominal fluid. In some cases, a liver biopsy may be required for further diagnosis. 

An ICH infection has no cure. Dogs who receive immediate veterinary care may recover, but recovered pets may have lifelong kidney or eye problems. Most dogs will require hospitalization for supportive care. Treatment may include:

• Intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration 
• Oxygen therapy
• Blood transfusions
• Antibiotics to prevent secondary bacterial infections
• Antiviral medications
• Eye medications
• Anti-nausea medications
• GI protectants
• Anti-inflammatory medications
• Anti-seizure medications
• Pain relievers
• Specialized diet   

Financial options for your dog’s infectious canine hepatitis treatment 

ICH treatment may require long-term hospitalization for your pet, plus lifelong veterinary management for kidney and eye problems. Such long-term care can result in a large veterinary bill. Fortunately, multiple payment options are available to ensure you can cover the cost of your pet’s ICH emergency treatment and follow-up care. Most dogs who are severely affected by ICH are young, so research pet insurance policies and purchase a plan as soon as you bring a puppy into your family. Many pet insurance providers such as Trupanion have policies that include reimbursement for emergency veterinary care and hospitalization. Other payment methods include:

• Care Credit
• Scratch Pay
• Pet health savings accounts
• Short-term bank loans

Infectious canine hepatitis prevention in dogs 

An ICH diagnosis can be devastating for pet owners because some pets will not recover and many will have lifelong medical problems. Fortunately, widespread vaccination programs have greatly reduced the number of infected dogs. The ICH vaccine is part of a core canine combination vaccination. The American Animal Hospital Association guidelines state that puppies should receive their first ICH vaccination when they are 6 weeks old followed by booster vaccinations every three to four weeks until they are 16 weeks old. Adult dogs should receive a booster vaccine every three years. Additionally, you should not allow your dog to socialize with other dogs or stay overnight in boarding facilities until they are fully vaccinated. Use caution when hiking or spending time in wooded areas and prevent your dog from interacting with any wildlife or wildlife feces to prevent accidental infection. 

Ensure your dog is vaccinated by your family veterinarian to prevent an ICH infection. However, call Animal Emergency Care if your dog has any ICH signs after hours, and bring them in for immediate care. #AECprevents

The post Canine Hepatitis: Infectious Liver Disease in Dogs appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is canine influenza in dogs?

CIV, or dog flu, is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the canine influenza virus. Two strains are known to affect dogs, but according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), no evidence has been found that dog flu can spread to humans. Unlike human flu, CIV is not a seasonal infection and dogs of any age, breed, or sex are at risk although puppies and senior dogs have the highest risk of severe CIV infection. The virus can persist in the environment for 48 hours, and 80 percent of dogs who are exposed to CIV will become infected and show signs. Common ways a dog can become infected include:

• Direct contact with an infected dog
• Sharing food bowls, water bowls, leashes or collars, with an infected dog
• Inhalation of an infected dog’s sneeze or cough droplets  
• Contact with contaminated environments or objects, including bedding or grooming tools
• Contact with a human exposed to an infected dog

Canine influenza signs in dogs

CIV signs are similar to other dog respiratory illnesses, including canine infectious tracheobronchitis, or kennel cough. The CIV has a two- to four-day incubation period before a dog will show signs, and infected dogs are most contagious during this period. Therefore, an apparently healthy dog may spread CIV. Signs will vary from mild to severe, depending on the strength of a dog’s immune system. In some cases, an infected dog will not show any signs, because they have produced enough antibodies against the CIV. Signs may include:

• Sneezing
• Thick nasal discharge
• Eye discharge
• Moist or dry cough
• Fever
• Decreased appetite
• Lethargy
• Difficulty breathing
• Increased respiratory rate

Canine influenza diagnosis and treatment in dogs

If your dog is showing any CIV signs, they need a veterinary examination. Diagnosis will be based on your dog’s medical history, clinical signs, and history of potential CIV exposure. A definitive diagnosis can be provided through a PCR test to look for viral particles in samples of an infected dog’s nasal, eye, or oral secretions. A virus isolation test or a CIV antibody serology test can also be performed. Other diagnostic tests may include a complete blood count to check for secondary infections or an associated disease, and a serum biochemistry test to evaluate organ function. Advanced imaging such as an X-ray may be recommended for dogs with a CIV infection that has led to pneumonia. Dogs who receive immediate care have a good prognosis, and most will recover after two or three weeks. Infected dogs must remain isolated from other pets for four weeks to prevent disease spread. Dogs with severe signs may require hospitalization. Treatment may include:

• Intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration 
• Oxygen therapy
• Antibiotics to prevent secondary bacterial infections
• Cough suppressants 
• Antiviral medications
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications to reduce fever
• Specialized diet   

Financial options for your dog’s canine influenza treatment

Pets undergoing CIV treatment may require an extended hospital stay and several follow-up checks which can be expensive. Consider purchasing a pet health insurance plan like Trupanion when your dog is young to ensure funds are available for such long-term care. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly, which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other financial options available to cover treatment costs include: 

• Care Credit 
• Scratch Pay 
• Pet health savings accounts 
• Short-term loans 

Canine influenza prevention in dogs 

A CIV vaccination is available to prevent a severe infection. Pets who are vaccinated for dog flu may still contract the virus, but illness severity and virus transmission are greatly decreased. Ensure you isolate your dog for four weeks if they are diagnosed with CIV, to prevent disease spread. Frequent hand washing and environmental disinfection will prevent CIV survival on environmental surfaces. Ensure you prevent your dog from socializing with other pets or visiting dog parks during known CIV outbreaks. 

Contact your family veterinarian to discuss vaccinating your dog for CIV. However, call Animal Emergency Care if your dog has any CIV signs after hours, and bring them in for immediate care. #AECprevents 

Sources: 

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=6726102

https://www.cdc.gov/flu/other/canine-flu/keyfacts.html

https://www.avma.org/resources/pet-owners/petcare/canine-influenza-pet-owners-guide

The post Canine Influenza: Nothing to Sneeze At appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is part of the core dog vaccinations. Puppies and adult dogs who are not vaccinated are at risk for this potentially deadly virus, and dogs who recover from CDV will have lifelong neurologic problems. Our Animal Emergency Care team wants to ensure your dog is protected from this dangerous disease. We discuss CDV signs, treatment, and prevention. 

What is canine distemper virus in dogs? 

CDV is a highly contagious paramyxovirus that affects dogs and wildlife including raccoons, skunks, grey foxes, and ferrets. This virus is closely related to the human measles virus, and can lead to respiratory, gastrointestinal (GI), and central nervous system (CNS) problems. CDV is often confused with other infectious diseases, including rabies, because the organ systems affected and clinical signs are similar.

CDV is primarily spread through exposure to sneeze or cough droplets from infected animals, but can also be transmitted through contact with other bodily fluids including urine, blood, or saliva. Dogs of any age can become infected with CDV, and puppies less than 4 months old and unvaccinated dogs are most at risk. Common ways a dog may become infected with CDV include:

• Direct contact with an infected dog
• Exposure to infected wildlife
• A puppy who is born to an infected mother
• Sharing food and water bowls with an infected dog
• Contact with contaminated environments or objects, including bedding or grooming tools

Canine distemper virus signs in dogs

CDV signs are similar to other common dog infectious diseases, and severity will depend on the infected dog’s immune system. Signs may not be visible for more than 14 days after the initial infection, and some dogs may experience mild signs that resolve in 10 days. Additionally, infected dogs may shed this virus for more than six months. Initial CDV signs may include:

• Eye and nasal discharge
• Fever
• Lethargy
• Sneezing and coughing
• Difficulty breathing
• Loss of appetite
• Generalized pain
• Vomiting and diarrhea
• Skin sores
• Thickening of the nose and foot pads

Neurologic signs may develop later in the course of a CDV infection, and may include:

• Muscle twitching
• Head tilt
• Excessive saliva
• Involuntary eye movements
• Jaw tremors or gum-chewing fits
• Balance problems
• Limb weakness
• Paralysis
• Seizures

Canine distemper virus diagnosis and treatment in dogs 

Your dog needs a veterinary examination if they are showing CDV signs. Diagnosis is based on your dog’s medical history, clinical signs, and potential CDV exposure history. A PCR test to look for viral particles in samples of an infected dog’s saliva, discharge, or urine will provide a definitive diagnosis. Blood or spinal fluid testing may also be recommended to check for CDV antibodies. Other diagnostic tests may include a complete blood count to check for secondary infections or an associated disease, and a serum biochemistry test to evaluate organ function. Advanced imaging such as an X-ray, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may be recommended for dogs with breathing or neurologic problems. 

A CDV infection has no cure. Dogs who receive immediate veterinary care may recover, but may have lifelong neurologic problems. Dogs with severe signs will need hospitalization for supportive care. Treatment may include:

• Intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration 
• Oxygen therapy
• Antibiotics to prevent secondary bacterial infections
• Antiviral medications
• Anti-nausea medications
• GI protectants
• Anti-inflammatory medications
• Anti-seizure medications
• Pain relievers
• Specialized diet   

Financial options for your dog’s canine distemper virus treatment

CDV treatment may require long-term hospitalization for your pet, plus lifelong veterinary management for neurologic problems. Such long-term care can result in a large veterinary bill. Fortunately multiple payment options are available to ensure you can cover the cost of your pet’s CDV emergency treatment and follow-up care. Pet health insurance providers such as Trupanion offer policies that can pay your veterinary clinic directly, which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Care Credit and Scratch Pay allow you to spread payments over longer periods with delayed interest rates in some cases.  Pet health savings accounts and short-term loans are also available to ensure your pet’s veterinary treatment costs are covered. 

Canine distemper virus prevention in dogs 

A CDV diagnosis can be devastating for pet owners, because some pets will not recover and many will have lifelong medical problems. Fortunately, widespread vaccination efforts have greatly reduced the numbers of infected dogs. The CDV vaccine is part of a core canine combination vaccination. Puppies should receive their first CDV vaccination at 6 weeks of age, followed by booster vaccinations every three to four weeks until they are 16 weeks old.  Ensure your dog does not socialize with other pets or visit dog parks, until they are fully vaccinated. Additionally, prevent your dog from interacting with any wildlife.

Ensure your dog is vaccinated by your family veterinarian to prevent a CDV infection. However, call Animal Emergency Care if your dog has any CDV signs after hours, and bring them in for immediate care. #AECprevents

Sources: 

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4952099

https://www.avma.org/resources/pet-owners/petcare/canine-distemper

https://pets.webmd.com/dogs/canine-distemper#2

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/canine-distemper/canine-distemper-overview

The post Canine Distemper: Ensure Your Dog is Protected appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is feline calicivirus in cats? 

FCV is a highly contagious RNA virus affecting cats that is a significant cause of upper respiratory and oral infections. In fact, FCV causes more than 50 percent of cat respiratory infections. This virus most commonly occurs in multi-cat environments, such as shelters, breeding colonies, or pet stores. This virus readily mutates and vaccinations may not fully prevent new strains. However, most cats who contract FCV will recover. In rare cases some cats may contract a severe case of FCV-associated virulent systemic disease (FCV-VSD), which is fatal in 60 percent of cases. FCV spreads through direct contact with saliva, eye discharge, nasal discharge, or aerosolized sneeze droplets from infected cats. Common ways a cat may become infected include:

• Direct contact with an infected cat
• Kittens born to a FCV-carrier mother
• Sharing food bowls, water bowls, or litter trays with an infected cat
• Contact with a human who recently interacted with an infected cat
• Contact with contaminated environments and objects, including bedding or grooming tools

Feline calicivirus signs in cats

FCV signs in cats are similar to other infections that may cause an upper respiratory infection. Severity will depend on the viral strain type, and the strength of the infected cat’s immune system. Young cats, kittens, and cats who have other chronic conditions have an increased risk for more severe FCV signs. Signs may occur between 2 and 14 days following the initial infection and can persist for more than six weeks. Cats who contract FCV may shed the virus for more than three weeks following an infection, and some pets may become long-term FCV carriers. Signs may include:

• Uncontrollable, sudden sneezing attacks 
• Nasal congestion
• Excessive eye blinking and squinting
• Mouth and tongue ulcers
• Inflamed gums
• Drooling
• Clear, yellow, or green nasal and eye discharge
• Redness around and in the eye
• Loss of smell
• Fever
• Lethargy
• Loss of appetite
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Painful joints

Cats who contract FCV-VSD may show the following signs:

• High fever
• Swelling of the head and legs
• Crusting sores around the face and mouth
• Hair loss around the nose, ears, eyes, and foot pads
• Skin yellowing

Feline calicivirus diagnosis and treatment in cats 

Your cat needs a veterinary examination if they are showing FCV or FCV-VSD infection signs, which are similar to other respiratory infections including feline viral rhinotracheitis. Ensure you inform your veterinarian if your cat has interacted with a potentially infected kitten or adult cat, or if they have recently been adopted from a shelter. Diagnosis is based on your cat’s medical history, clinical signs, and potential FCV exposure history. A PCR test to look for FCV DNA in samples of an infected cat’s eye, nose, or throat will provide a definitive diagnosis. Other diagnostics tests may include a complete blood count to check for secondary infections or an associated disease and a serum biochemistry test to evaluate organ function. Specialized eye tests to check for corneal ulcerations and dry eye may also be recommended. An X-ray may be recommended to check for joint swelling or pneumonia. 

No treatment can stop an FCV infection, although cats who receive immediate veterinary care have a good prognosis. Most pets will recover following at-home supportive care and treatments, including keeping their nose and eyes clean. Kittens or adult cats with severe signs or cats who have FCV-VSD may require hospitalization. Treatments may include:

• Intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration from excess nasal or eye discharge
• Antibiotics to prevent secondary bacterial infections
• Decongestants 
• Oxygen therapy 
• Topical eye medications
• Antiviral medications
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications to decrease fever and alleviate any oral ulcer or joint pain
• L-lysine supplements for immune system support
• Environmental humidification or nebulization
• Specialized diet   

Financial options for your cat’s feline calicivirus treatment  

FCV often requires treatment for several weeks in addition to multiple follow -up appointments. Cats with severe cases may require an extended hospital stay, and such care can result in a large veterinary bill. However, several payment options are available to cover treatment costs including:

• Pet health insurance such as Trupanion which will ensure you can cover the costs for your pet’s emergency FCV treatment 
• Care Credit and Scratch Pay which allow payments to be spread out over longer periods
• Pet health savings accounts or short-term loans offered by most financial institutions

Feline calicivirus prevention in cats

Vaccinating your cat when they are young is the best prevention against a severe FCV infection. The FVRCP vaccine is a core cat vaccine that provides protection against FCV and other dangerous respiratory agents. FCV is a mutating virus (i.e., vaccinated cats can still be infected), but disease severity will be greatly reduced, and some infected cats may never show signs. Do not let your cat outside or around other cats or people with cats until they are fully vaccinated against the virus. FCV can survive in the environment for extended periods, so ensure you use diluted bleach to clean areas where an infected cat was present. Use hot water and detergent to clean an infected cat’s bedding. 

Ensure your cat is vaccinated by your family veterinarian to prevent a severe FCV infection. If your cat is showing FCV signs after hours, bring them to Animal Emergency Care for immediate care. #AECprevents

Sources: 

https://www.petmd.com/cat/wellness/what-fvrcp-cat-vaccine

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951489

https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/baker-institute/our-research/animal-health-articles-and-helpful-links/feline-calicivirus

The post Feline Calicivirus: More Than a Cold appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.