#1: Use caution with holiday decor around pets 

Festive decor, Christmas trees, dangling ornaments, and candles can transform your home into a magical but potentially dangerous winter wonderland. Take precautions when adorning your home with the following:

• Christmas trees — Many pets will want to investigate the new smells and tree branches so ensure they can’t tip the tree over and possibly injure themselves by securing it to a ceiling or doorway with fishing line. In addition, never use water additives in the tree stand. Pets can mistake tree water for their personal water dish, and drinking additive-laden water can lead to vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration.
• Ornaments — Place all fragile ornaments such as glass balls and food-based decorations high on the tree to prevent mischievous pets from injuring their paws on broken ornaments or ingesting dangerous ingredients. 
• Tinsel —Tinsel and ribbon are common culprits in many feline holiday emergencies, leading to intestinal blockages that often require surgical removal. Ensure you place all tinsel and decorative ribbons out of paw’s reach. 
• Candles and potpourri — Place lighted candles far out of reach of swatting paws or wagging tails to prevent burned fur or house fires. Avoid using scented candles or potpourri that contains essential oils because they can be toxic to pets, especially the oils described here.

#2: Keep pets out of the kitchen and away from the dinner table 

Many holiday celebrations revolve around large savory meals and endless sweet treats. The kitchen is a popular gathering place during family festivities and the delicious aromas are difficult for pets—and most humans—to resist. However, kitchen chaos can lead to counter-surfing and dumpster-diving pets eager to sample the day’s bounty. Many holiday ingredients and dishes are toxic or difficult for pets to digest. Sharing your plate with your pet can lead to gastrointestinal (GI) distress and inflammation including pancreatitis which is a potentially deadly inflammatory condition that can cause vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and dehydration. Additionally, never share leftover bones with your pet as they can cause dangerous GI blockages which may require emergency surgery. Also ensure you put a pet-proof lid on all garbage cans within your pet’s reach and frequently remove all garbage and food scraps from the home.

#3: Avoid pet-toxic holiday plants and flowers

Floral centerpieces and seasonal plants are popular holiday gifts; however, ensure you do not bring any pet-toxic plants into your home. Many plants and especially lilies are severely toxic to cats. Eating only a small amount of any part of the plant, including the pollen and leaves, can cause drooling, vomiting, and decreased appetite, and can lead to kidney failure. While the popular poinsettia is no longer considered toxic unless large amounts are consumed, the sap in poinsettia leaves is irritating to your pet’s mouth and throat and eating the leaves likely will cause your pet to become nauseated and vomit. Always check the ASPCA toxic plant list before adorning your table or home with floral or plant centerpieces, and keep these other popular holiday plants out of pet’s reach:

• Mistletoe
• Balsam
• Amaryllis
• Pine
• Cedar
• Holly
• Christmas cactus 

#4: Keep wires, batteries, and small toys out of paw’s reach

The numerous cords and wires required for your twinkling lights, electric candles, and other holiday decorations can be dangerous to curious pets who may mistake them for new chew toys. Keep all cords and wires out of paw’s reach because chewing or swallowing them can lead to serious injury including oral burns, electric shock, or GI distress or blockages. 

Ensure your pet does not have access to any batteries because most contain zinc which is toxic if ingested. It also can cause GI distress, anemia, seizures, and death in some cases. Keep a watchful eye as well on any small children’s toys since your pet could mistake them for new pet toys and swallow them which could cause intestinal damage or a blockage that requires surgical removal. 

#5: Prepare for unexpected pet emergencies  

It is not uncommon for Christmas cats and “Holidogs” to let their mischievous nature get the better of them despite your best efforts to keep them out of holiday trouble. Ensure you have the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center number, your family veterinarian’s contact information, and our Animal Emergency Care number and address easily accessible in the event of an accidental toxin ingestion or injury. Common pet holiday emergencies may require an extended hospital stay which can result in a larger veterinary bill. Consider purchasing a pet health insurance plan like Trupanion to ensure funds are available to cover emergency treatment costs. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for your reimbursement. Other pet emergency payment options include pet health savings accounts, Care Credit, Scratch Pay, and short-term loans.

Call your family veterinarian right away if your pet gets into any holiday trouble. If you need help after hours, Animal Emergency Care is open 24 hours a day. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/petcare/holiday-pet-safety

https://www.petmd.com/dog/seasonal/evr_multi_dangerous_winter_holiday_plants

https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/general-pet-care/holiday-safety-tips

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/toxicology/zinc-toxicosis/overview-of-zinc-toxicosis

The post Happy Pawlidays: 5 Holiday Safety Tips for Your Pet appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

#1: DIY pet gifts 

Crafty pet owners or home chefs can put their skills to the test and make a variety of pet-safe holiday treats. The kitchen is often the center of action during the celebrations and family gatherings, and many drooling pets are eager to participate or serve as the cleanup crew. However many holiday foods are dangerous to pets and can lead to gastrointestinal problems or an unexpected veterinary visit. During marathon (human food) cooking sessions it is critical to ensure nosy paws are away from the kitchen. Designating cooking time for pet-safe treats is a great way to include your pets in the food festivities. Try making pet-safe treats by baking your pet’s canned food in cute holiday shapes.

Some finicky feline friends can be the most challenging family members to please with the right gift. Many cat owners have spent countless dollars on the latest and greatest cat toys only to have their furry pal’s whiskered nose turn away. Instead of spending additional money on toys try saving the numerous cardboard boxes you may be accumulating this season and use them to create the purrfect cat hideaway or playhouse by decorating them with some festive colors or paper. And don’t forget to include a paper or aluminum foil ball for your cat’s batting pleasure in their new winter wonderland hiding spot. 

#2: The pet gift that keeps on giving 

Many pet owners know the challenge of searching for the perfect toy that can stand the test of time—or drool. Pets often show their love for a toy by destroying, scratching, or tearing it up within days or minutes in some cases. It is also not uncommon for pets to become bored with certain toys especially if they do not have a variety available. Fortunately pet gift subscription boxes are available to surprise your pet with new toys and treats throughout the year. Companies like Barkbox and KitNipBox send your pet a new set of themed toys and treats each month. Gift boxes are also a great option to send to a pet-owning friend or rescue group. Pets who are bored may act out so providing them with a variety of toys year-round is a great tool to keep their mind and body active. 

#3: Pet insurance for the unexpected veterinary visit

Accidents or pet emergencies can occur at any time. Common holiday emergencies including gastrointestinal blockages, pancreatitis, or toxic food ingestion may require an extended hospital stay which can result in a larger veterinary bill. Purchasing a pet health insurance plan like Trupanion when your pet is young will ensure funds are available for your pet’s emergency care. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. 

#4: Lights, camera, pet treats 

As post-COVID life slowly returns to normal, many pets and pet owners are learning to adjust to life without each other 24/7.  For many pets, the change has caused post-pandemic separation anxiety which can lead to them acting out by house soiling or vocalizing when you leave the home. Bring your pet in to your family veterinarian if you have noticed any behavior changes because some signs like depression can indicate a medical problem. One way to ease separation stress for you and your pet is with the gift of a Furbo camera and treat dispenser. Furbo allows you to see and talk to your pet when you are not home. Your pet also will appreciate the treat-dispensing feature. Other Furbo benefits include:

• A bark detector
• Video recorder, which is especially useful to show your veterinarian any abnormal behaviors
• Night vision

#5: Cozy pets are happy pets 

The dropping temperatures can make daily walks or outdoor activities unpleasant and potentially dangerous for pets. Although your pet has a natural fur coat they are still at risk of developing hypothermia from prolonged exposure to the cold. Ensure your pet is protected this winter by buying them some proper winter gear. Products such as Musher’s secret and dog boots will help prevent cracked and injured paws caused by icy sidewalks. A properly fitting winter sweater or jacket will help keep your pet’s core body warm on chilly outings, and the numerous selections will ensure they are equally stylish.  

If your pet considers a trip to their food bowl a workout or if they prefer cuddling to outdoor adventures, then consider gifting them with a cozy fleece blanket or a pet-safe heated bed for those extra chilly winter days.  

Happy Pawlidays from our Animal Emergency Care team. If your pet gets into any holiday trouble after hours contact our office and bring them in for treatment. #AECprevents

The post Happy Pawlidays: Five Pet-Safe Gift Ideas appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is Lyme disease in pets?

Lyme disease is a tick-borne illness named after the town of Lyme, Connecticut where it was first identified in the 1970s. The disease is caused by the worm-like spiral-shaped bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi which requires a mammalian host to mature and spread. The bacterium cannot survive outside a host so environmental spread is not a concern. Four tick species are known to carry the Lyme disease organism with the small deer tick the most common. This disease can affect any mammal but is most commonly reported in dogs, horses, and humans who have spent time in wooded or grassy areas near rivers, lakes, or oceans. Infection occurs when a tick attaches for a blood meal, although the tick must remain on the host for more than 24 hours to allow time for the bacterium to migrate through the tick into the bloodstream. Your pet’s risk of contracting this disease is higher in the Northeastern U.S. areas and Northern California. However, pets who have been exposed to ticks in any region including Bellingham are at risk. 

Lyme disease signs in pets

Clinical Lyme disease is not common in pets, unlike humans, and 90% of infected pets will not show any disease signs. The disease is rarely reported in cats. Signs typically do not occur for weeks or months after infection. Signs may include:

• Fever
• Decreased appetite
• Lameness
• Joint swelling
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Decreased activity or lethargy

Some pets, although rarely, may experience a complicated case of Lyme disease infection caused by bacteria present in their kidneys. Signs may include:

• Increased thirst and urination
• Vomiting and diarrhea
• Weight loss
• Blindness
• Heart murmur
• Low blood pressure 

Lyme Disease diagnosis and treatment in pets

Bring your pet for a veterinary examination if you notice any Lyme disease signs. Disease diagnosis in your pet is challenging because the signs are similar to other tick-borne illnesses. Ensure your veterinarian knows that you have noticed ticks on your pet, have traveled to an area where Lyme disease is prevalent, or have been hiking in a wooded area. Your veterinarian may recommend a specialized blood test to check for an infection if they suspect this disease is affecting your pet. Additional diagnostic tests may include blood work to check for infection and overall organ health, and imaging such as X-rays to examine your pet’s joints for other causes. Lyme disease is rarely fatal to pets but early detection will ensure a more positive treatment outcome. Pets with uncomplicated Lyme disease will not require a hospital stay, and will be prescribed a one-month course of antibiotics. Other treatments may include:

• Pain medication  
• Immunosuppressive medications for complicated forms of the disease
• Blood and urine tests to monitor kidney health
• Blood pressure monitoring 

Payment options for Lyme disease treatment in pets 

Pets undergoing treatment will likely require several follow-up appointments, and severe cases may require an extended hospital stay. This long-term care can result in a large veterinary bill. Fortunately several payment options are available to cover treatment costs including pet health insurance like Trupanion. Trupanion will pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for your reimbursement. Other payment options include pet health savings accounts, Care Credit, Scratch Pay, and short-term loans.

Lyme disease prevention in pets 

Veterinary-prescribed tick prevention products are the safest and most cost-effective way to prevent Lyme disease in your pet. Always check the Centers for Disease Control Lyme disease case map, if you are planning to travel with your pet. Other prevention measures include:

• Checking yourself and your pet for ticks after time in the woods
• Keeping lawn areas well maintained
• Keeping shrubs away from your home
• Discussing whether your pet needs the Lyme vaccine with your veterinarian

Early diagnosis and treatment are key to a positive outcome for Lyme disease treatment in your pet. Immediately contact your family veterinarian if your pet is showing signs of this disease, or bring them to our Animal Emergency Care office if they become ill after hours. #AEC prevents

The post A Tick-Ing Time Bomb: Lyme Disease and Your Pet appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is marijuana toxicity in pets?

Marijuana is a mix of cut, dried, and ground flowers and leaves from the Cannabis sativa plant. The psychoactive agent delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the most potent cannabinoid chemical and is responsible for the euphoric or high feeling that humans seek from this recreational drug. THC is also the culprit behind many pet emergencies. Other cannabinoid compounds, including CBD and hemp, are non-psychoactive derivative compounds from the cannabis plant and rarely lead to veterinary emergencies. Pets most commonly become intoxicated from eating marijuana in edible, plant, or oil forms. THC is the portion of marijuana that affects pets and is metabolized by the liver, and then distributed to the brain and other fatty tissues in the body. Many marijuana edibles contain other chemicals toxic to pets including chocolate or xylitol which can be deadly without treatment. 

Marijuana toxicity signs in pets

Pets can show toxicity signs only 30 to 90 minutes following ingestion. Marijuana toxicity signs vary and depend on the amount and type of marijuana ingested. Signs include:

• Vomiting or diarrhea
• Dilated pupils
• Slow heart rate
• Incoordination
• Listlessness
• Difficulty balancing
• Easily startled
• Vocalization
• Excess salivation or drooling
• Seizures 
• Coma
• Urinary incontinence
• Low body temperature

Marijuana toxicity diagnosis and treatment in pets

Many pet owners may be reluctant or embarrassed to admit that their pets have ingested marijuana in their home. However, you must tell your veterinarian if you think your pet has eaten any type of marijuana-derived substance or plant. Treatment is determined by the type and amount of toxic agent that your pet ingests, and early marijuana signs can mimic other toxicities such as antifreeze. Therefore your veterinarian needs to know the toxin in order to formulate the appropriate treatment. Marijuana toxicity may be diagnosed on the pet’s ingestion history, clinical signs, or a positive urine test. Fortunately marijuana toxicity is rarely fatal but can be deadly in pets who ingest large amounts or concentrated oil products. Immediately bring your pet for emergency care if you suspect marijuana toxicity. Treatment may include:

• Inducing vomiting if the pet ingested marijuana less than 30 minutes ago and has not developed clinical symptoms.
• Anti-nausea medication
• Activated charcoal for toxin absorption
• Intravenous fluids
• Specialized warming pads
• Sedation to decrease stress
• Seizure treatment
• Heart rate monitoring

Pets should remain hospitalized until all marijuana signs have subsided which can take up to 72 hours. 

Payment options for marijuana toxicity treatment in pets 

Emergency care and hospitalization for marijuana toxicity can lead to a large veterinary bill. Fortunately, multiple payment options are available to ensure you can cover the cost of your pet’s emergency care for an accidental poisoning. Consider purchasing a pet insurance plan like Trupanion which has policies that will pay your veterinary clinic directly and eliminate the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other payment options include:

• CareCredit
• Scratch Pay
• Pet health savings account
• Short-term loans

Marijuana toxicity prevention for pets

A pet’s curious nature can lead to accidental ingestion of a variety of toxic ingredients. Follow these tips to reduce the chance of your pet experiencing marijuana toxicity:

• Keep all recreational and prescribed medications out of paws’ reach.
• Store marijuana in a locked box or medicine container.
• Don’t leave marijuana edibles on the table or in a room with unsupervised pets.
• Keep pets out of rooms when smoking and don’t allow them back until the air is clear of any residual smoke. 
• Consider keeping marijuana plants in a separate room that is off-limits to all pets, especially cats. 

Call your family veterinarian right away or bring your pet to our hospital at Animal Emergency Care if you suspect they have ingested marijuana. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951863

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/toxicology/toxicities-from-human-drugs/toxicities-from-illicit-and-abused-drugs?query=marijuana%20toxicosis#v3353183

https://www.aspcapro.org/resource/marijuana-toxicosis-animals

The post Pet Poison Prevention: Understanding Marijuana Toxicity in Pets appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

Recognizing the emergency signs in pets

Caring for someone else’s pet can be challenging, especially if you do not know them well and are unfamiliar with their personality and habits. Learning to recognize the clinical signs of a veterinary emergency is vital and will ensure you can react quickly if your client’s pet needs immediate care. Pets who show the following clinical signs need emergency treatment:

• Difficult or labored breathing
• Decreased or absent appetite
• Sudden swelling of the abdomen or other body part
• Unusual behavior
• Vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation
• Retching 
• Difficult or painful urination, especially in cats
• Excess salivation
• Trauma (i.e., hit by car, dog fight)
• Bleeding from any body part
• Fainting
• Excess coughing or sneezing
• Increased water consumption
• Lethargy or weakness
• Seizuring
• Toxin ingestion (i.e., rat poison, household chemicals, human medications, dangerous foods such as grapes)

Emergency signs are not always obvious, but you should never hesitate to take a pet for emergency veterinary care if you are concerned about their medical well-being. 

Preparing for veterinary emergencies 

Arm yourself with information that will ensure you are prepared for a veterinary emergency before you agree to care for someone else’s pet. Discuss how you should proceed if their pet requires emergency care. Ask them to fill out an emergency authorization form to ensure you know your client’s wishes when it comes to making medical decisions on their pet’s behalf. Additionally, be prepared with the following information and tools:

• List of pet owner contact numbers 
• Credit card authorization or an agreed-upon payment method for veterinary emergency care
• Number and address of the family veterinarian and the closest veterinary emergency clinic. Remember that not all veterinary hospitals treat all species.
• Pet medications and instructions
• Copy of the pet’s medical records
• Pet’s microchip number and registration information
• Current photos of all pets under your care
• ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center number and the fee required for a call
• Location of the pet’s crate and transport equipment (i.e., leash, harness, collar)
• Pet first aid kit

Responding to a veterinary emergency 

Ensure you know how to safely transport pets who are injured or showing clinical signs and need veterinary emergency care. Use tools from your pet first aid kit to stop any bleeding, stabilize the pet prior to transporting them for emergency care, and follow these steps:

• Remain calm, assess the situation, and calm the pet. 
• Call ahead to the emergency veterinary clinic.
• Plan your route to the clinic before you leave.
• Minimize handling an injured pet and encourage them to lie down and stay.
• Identify the injury location or illness before you move the pet to prevent accidental bite wounds if they are painful or nervous.
• Stabilize larger pets on a firm surface such as plywood, an ironing board, or a collapsed cardboard box.
• Position an unconscious pet’s head upright, which will allow any vomitus to run out, and retain circulation to the brain. 
• Cover the pet in a blanket to keep them warm.

Financial options for veterinary emergencies

It is important to discuss a financial plan with pet owners to ensure their pets receive any necessary veterinary care. Emergency care can be costly, especially if surgery or hospitalization  is required. Many pet owners have pet health insurance like Trupanion to alleviate the financial stress of paying a large veterinary bill. Ask the pet owner for a copy of their pet health insurance policy for each pet under your care. Alternative payment methods that are also available include:

• Care Credit
• Scratch Pay
• Pet health savings accounts
• Short-term loans

Preventing veterinary emergencies 

Pet emergencies are not always preventable. However, you can take steps to prevent a pet under your care from getting into trouble. Ensure you are familiar with all aspects of the pet’s environment which includes their favorite hiding and resting spots. Pets who are sick or injured may hide, and you need to know where to search. Never feed pets new treats, food, or medications unless directed by their owners or their veterinarian. Familiarize yourself with potential household dangers and never leave pets unsupervised in unknown environments. 

Call the family veterinarian of the pet under your care, or bring them to Animal Emergency Care  if they are experiencing a veterinary emergency relating to dogs or cats. Contact our friends at The Center for Bird and Exotic Animal Medicine for any exotic pet emergencies. They are the only emergency hospital in our area who regularly treat non-cat and non-dog pet species.  #AECprevents

Sources: 

https://cdn.ymaws.com/petsitters.org/resource/resmgr/emergency_planning_/dp_pet_sitter_revised_11.20..pdf

https://www.avma.org/resources/pet-owners/emergencycare/13-animal-emergencies-require-immediate-veterinary-consultation-andor-care

https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/general-pet-care/emergency-care-your-pet

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/special-pet-topics/emergencies/emergency-care-for-dogs-and-cats

The post Pet Sitter’s Guide to Veterinary Emergencies  appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is rabies in pets?

Rabies is a deadly disease caused by a single-stranded RNA virus that attacks the nervous system of mammals. The virus cannot survive in the environment without a host and requires direct contact with body secretions to spread. The virus is spread mostly through contact with saliva after an infected animal bite. Less commonly, rabies is spread if saliva contacts an animal’s open skin wound or the eyes, nose, or mouth. Rabies is most commonly transmitted to pets by wildlife species including skunks, bats, raccoons, foxes, and coyotes. Indoor pets are at risk of infection if a bat or other wildlife accidentally comes indoors. 

What are rabies signs in pets?

Rabies virus signs may not be apparent for several months after infection with an average virus incubation period of 21 to 80 days in dogs and 28 to 42 days in cats. The rabies virus attaches to their muscle cells for several days before penetrating their nerves and then moves throughout the nervous system until reaching the brain. The rabies virus is present in all secretions and transmissible to other animals including humans once it has settled in the brain. Clinical signs vary depending on the location in a pet’s body, but an animal has no chance of survival once they are showing rabies signs. Rabies infection stages and signs:

• Prodromal stage —Two to three days after symptoms start pets may experience a personality change such as a friendly animal becoming shyer or a shy pet becoming uncharacteristically affectionate. Their bark or meow may change. Most pets will lick and scratch near the inflicting bite. 
• Excitative stage — Most dogs will not experience this excitative stage which is often referred to as the “mad dog stage.” Pets may experience hallucinations and attack kennel bars or invisible objects. 
• Paralytic stage — The classic rabies signs such as foaming at the mouth occur during the paralytic stage. Animals lose the ability to swallow, and the muscles that control breathing become paralyzed. They die shortly after reaching this stage. 

Diagnosis and treatment of rabies in pets 

There is no treatment for rabies once signs are present, and animals showing signs will need to be euthanized and tested. A definitive rabies diagnosis can be made only after death. Many protocols are in place and specific steps are required to address an animal who has bitten another pet or person. Regional and local laws vary, so check this site for region-specific laws and ensure you follow your local health department’s instructions. Additionally, contact your family veterinarian immediately if your pet has been bitten, especially by wildlife. They will check your pet’s rabies vaccine status and treat any bite wounds on your pet. Bite wounds can lead to systemic infections in your pet and often require cleaning, antibiotic treatment, pain control, and even surgery in some cases. 

Financial planning for your pet’s rabies treatments 

Treatment for bite wounds and quarantining your pet in an approved facility can lead to high veterinary expenses. Rabies vaccinations are also required by law as part of your pet’s preventive care. However, pet insurance can alleviate veterinary costs including vaccinations. Many policies include coverage for preventive care as well as unexpected injury. Ensure you purchase a policy when your pet is young, and before they need emergency veterinary care. Pet health savings accounts are also a great way to plan ahead for your pet’s medical care. Financial institutions that offer these accounts typically provide many benefits including discounts on pet health insurance. Alternate payment methods such as Care Credit and Scratch Pay can also help by spreading out payments of a large veterinary bill. 

Rabies prevention in pets

Rabies vaccinations are required by law for all dogs, cats, and ferrets in most communities. The vaccine is vital to prevent infection and subsequent death of your pet should they come in contact with an infected animal. Ensure you keep pets on a leash outside to prevent them from roaming to limit their exposure to potentially infectious wildlife or pets. Additionally, avoid leaving out garbage that may attract wildlife. Report any animals you observe behaving abnormally. 

Call our office and bring your pet for immediate care if another animal bites them. Visit your family veterinarian regularly and keep your pet’s rabies vaccination current to prevent this deadly disease. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951479

https://rabiesalliance.org

https://www.avma.org/resources/public-health/rabies-and-your-pet

The post Rabies 101: Vaccination is Critical to Protect Your Pet  appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is frostbite in pets?

Frostbite can occur when pets are exposed to cold temperatures for extended periods of time. As in humans, prolonged exposure will cause an animal’s blood vessels to constrict to redirect blood from the extremities to warm and protect the vital organs including the brain, lungs and heart. Your pet’s nose, tail, ears, and paws are most susceptible to tissue damage because of this protective reaction. Cold weather breeds, including Siberian huskies and Alaskan malamutes, are less prone to frostbite because they have thick fur coats. However, all animals are at risk of developing frostbite with some pets at increased risk. These include: 

• Senior pets
• Small-breed dogs
• Cats
• Pets with short fur and hairless breeds
• Puppies and kittens
• Pets with chronic illness or heart disease

Frostbite signs in pets

Although rarely life-threatening, frostbite is often a precursor to hypothermia which can be fatal in some cases. Frostbite’s effect can be difficult to detect on pets and may take days to appear, so ensure you check your pet’s foot pads and other extremities if they have been outside in the cold. Changes in the appearance of your pet’s skin may indicate that the tissue is frostbitten which could result in tissue damage and potential loss of the affected body part. If your pet has been exposed to frigid temperatures, monitor them closely for the following signs:

• Skin that first appears pale or bluish-white, and later becomes red and puffy 
• Red or gray-tinged skin on the ears, tail, or nose
• Skin that appears brittle or shriveled and stays cold to the touch
• Pain in the ears, tail, paws, or nose when touched
• Ice crystals in or around the nose

Frostbite treatment in pets

Immediately cover the affected areas with a warm dry towel or blanket if you notice clinical frostbite signs in your pet. Frostbitten skin will become red and swollen as it begins to thaw and the blood returns to the affected tissues. However, seek treatment with your family veterinarian immediately if the skin becomes dark or bring your pet to Animal Emergency Care if it is after hours. A veterinary exam is important, while not an emergency unless your pet’s skin is dark or black, to ensure your pet does not have any long-term effects that may need treatment. Frostbite is painful to most pets, and medication may be needed to reduce discomfort. Also, depending on the severity of your pet’s frostbite, the following treatments may be recommended: 

• Antibiotics to prevent damaged tissue from becoming infected
• Topical creams to soothe and protect damaged skin 
• Warm intravenous (IV) fluids and a warming environment
• Surgery or amputation to remove damaged tissue

Pets with mild frostbite cases will likely not require an extended hospital stay. However, some pets may require surgery to remove the damaged tissue or amputation of an affected body part. These pets may need to stay in the veterinary hospital for a few days so their animal care team can closely monitor their recovery. Also, your veterinarian will likely want follow-up appointments to ensure your pet is healing and recovering well.

Financial planning for pets undergoing treatment for frostbite

Rushing your pet to the veterinary clinic for treatment, especially for accidental injuries, can be stressful for pet parents, many of whom worry about the costs of treating their four-legged family member. However, multiple options, including pet health insurance, are available to ease the financial burdens associated with your pet’s veterinary care and treatment. So, plan ahead and research pet health insurance options before your pet needs a costly emergency veterinary visit. Most pet insurance providers, including Trupanion, have policies that include reimbursement for accidents or illness requiring emergency veterinary care. Additionally, Trupanion  has an express program that pays your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursement. Alternate payment methods include Care Credit and Scratch Pay, and short-term bank loans may also help you make veterinary bill payments on a more manageable schedule.

Preventing frostbite in your pet

The best way to prevent frostbite is to limit your pet’s outdoor activities in the colder months to avoid exposure to frigid temperatures. Consider dressing them in a sweater or jacket to keep their main body warm and dog boots to help ensure their paws keep warm and dry before taking your pet out for walks or bathroom breaks. Additionally, ensure your pet’s fur is dry before going outside to prevent their body temperature from quickly dropping and keep them away from any body of water. 

Call your family veterinarian to schedule an exam if your furry friend has unexpectedly decided to explore the great outdoors in freezing temperatures, and you suspect they are frostbitten. Call our Animal Emergency Clinic office if they have severe symptoms. #AECprevents

The post When Furry Friends Get Frosty: Managing Frostbite in Pets  appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is hypothermia in pets?

A healthy pet’s body temperature is normally much higher than a human’s, ranging from 100 to 102.5 degrees. Changes in your pet’s body temperature can cause hypothermia which is a medical condition that occurs when their body temperature drops below 100 degrees. Smaller pets and young and geriatric animals are at greater risk of developing this condition. Pets with chronic health problems, such kidney or heart disease, also have an increased risk of developing hypothermia. Exposure to frigid temperatures or freezing cold water are the most common causes of hypothermia in pets. Other causes include:

• Hypothyroidism
• Kidney disease
• Heart disease 
• Low blood pressure 
• Metabolic disease (i.e., hypoadrenocorticism, or Addison’s disease)
• Shock due to a traumatic event or injury

How will I know if my pet has hypothermia? 

The quickest, most effective way to diagnose hypothermia is by measuring your pet’s rectal temperature using a standard digital thermometer. Depending on the underlying cause of your pet’s low body temperature, clinical signs may include: 

• Shivering
• Lethargy
• Muscle stiffness
• Shallow or difficulty breathing
• Pale skin
• Muscle stiffness
• Low heart rate
• Dilated pupils

How is hypothermia in pets treated?

If your pet has clinical signs consistent with hypothermia or their body temperature has dropped below 100 degrees, bring them inside immediately and cover them with warm blankets or towels. Never wrap your pet in a heating pad or submerge them in hot or warm water to avoid injury or illness from warming them too quickly. Occasionally, mild hypothermia can be treated at home by checking your pet’s temperature every 10 minutes, and providing warm blankets until their body temperature reaches 100 degrees. However, bring them to your family veterinarian or Animal Emergency Clinic immediately if your pet is showing signs of severe hypothermia or has not improved after 30 minutes of home-warming treatment. The veterinarian who takes over your pet’s care will provide various treatments to safely raise their body temperature that may include:

• Warm intravenous (IV) fluids 
• Lining their kennel or crate with pads that circulate warm water 
• Wrapping them in special blankets that safely circulate warm air 
• Warm oxygen therapy
• Warm water bottles placed around their body
• Heart monitoring with an electrocardiogram (EKG)
• Respiratory monitoring and observation
• Regular temperature monitoring 
• Blood work to determine underlying medical causes and check for organ damage

Treatment methods for your pet with hypothermia will ultimately depend on symptom severity or whether your pet has any underlying medical condition. Some pets may need a combination of treatments to ensure a successful outcome.

Financial planning for pets needing costly treatment

Severe hypothermia cases may require hospitalization for several days or weeks as well as numerous follow-up progress checks. Such long-term veterinary care can be costly and stressful for pet parents but, fortunately, pet health insurance can ensure you can cover the cost of your pet’s emergency care for an unexpected condition like hypothermia. Most pet insurance providers offer policies that include reimbursement for accidents or illness requiring emergency veterinary care. Some providers, such asTrupanion, will pay your veterinary clinic directly, which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements.

Alternate payment methods can also decrease the worry about large veterinary bills by allowing payments to be spread out over longer periods. These payment methods include: 

• CareCredit — This credit card can be used specifically for veterinary and human medical services, allows pet owners to spread out payments, and delays interest for a certain time period. Most veterinary facilities offer six months without interest for treatment that costs more than$200. 
• Scratch Pay — This service provides fast, flexible payment options with variable interest rates depending on an individual’s credit. Scratch Pay can only be used at one veterinary facility at a time, although pet parents can re-apply to use this service at multiple locations. 
• Short-term loans — These loans typically have high interest rates, making them less than ideal, but they are available as a last resort.

How can hypothermia in pets be prevented?

Ensure your pet does not have prolonged exposure to extremely cold temperatures during the cold winter months. Generally, it is too cold for your pet if it is too cold outside for you. Consider a coat and protective boots to help them stay warm and avoid hypothermia if your pet does need to go outside briefly. Additionally, ensure your pet’s fur is dry before going outside to prevent their body temperature from dropping quickly and keep them away from bodies of water.

Call or visit your family veterinarian if you suspect mild hypothermia in your pet. However, contact our team at Animal Emergency Care and bring in your pet for immediate treatment if your pet is showing severe signs. #AECprevents

The post Being Cold is Not Cool: Understanding Hypothermia in Pets  appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What are zoonotic diseases in pets?

More than 100 zoonotic diseases worldwide are caused by harmful germs such as parasites, viruses, bacteria, or fungi. Any aged pet or person is at risk of a zoonotic disease infection, but pets or people who are immunocompromised or suffering from other underlying disease are most at risk for severe illness. Common ways zoonotic diseases are spread include:

• Direct contact with infected bodily fluids such as blood, urine, or feces
• Touching an infected object or environment such as a food bowl, pet toy, or soil
• Ingesting or handling contaminated food, raw food, or undercooked meats 
• A sting or bite from an infected insect, such as a mosquito, flea, or tick
• Drinking or swimming in a bacteria-contaminated water source

Additionally, pets who do not receive preventive care or those who have contact with infected environments, wildlife, or people, are at increased risk for contracting a zoonotic disease. Common zoonotic disease types include: 

• Bacteria —E.coli and salmonella are easily spread by fecal contamination of water or food sources. Leptospirosis bacteria, which can be deadly to pets, is spread by your pet drinking from a contaminated water source. Bartonella bacteria causes Cat Scratch Fever in people who are scratched or bitten by an infected cat or dog. Pets who are not on flea control are most likely to be infected with bartonella bacteria. 
• Fungi —Dermatophytosis, or ringworm, is the most common fungal zoonotic disease spread between pets and people. Ringworm affects the skin of people and animals, and can be spread by direct contact, or contact with infected surfaces.
• Viruses —Rabies is a deadly viral zoonotic disease that is primarily spread by contact with an infected animal’s saliva, and can affect any mammal. No effective treatment is available after signs develop. Read more about rabies infection and the importance of rabies vaccinations here. 
• Intestinal parasites — Roundworms, tapeworms, giardia, and toxoplasma parasites are spread through contact with an infected pet’s feces. Hookworms are transmitted through direct contact so use caution when walking barefoot near your pet’s elimination areas.
• External parasites — Mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks may transmit zoonotic diseases including Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, or plague, between people and pets.

Zoonotic disease signs in pets

In some cases, pets who are infected with a zoonotic agent, like toxoplasma, may not show any disease signs, but can still spread an infection to other pets or people. Zoonotic disease signs and severity are variable, and depend on the infection type and the strength of your pet’s immune system. Signs may include:

• Vomiting 
• Diarrhea
• Lethargy
• Fever
• Coughing or sneezing
• Difficulty breathing
• Inappetence
• Skin inflammation or scaling skin
• Behavior changes
• Difficulty walking
• Abdominal pain

Diagnosis and treatment for your pet’s zoonotic disease

Your pet needs immediate veterinary care if they show illness signs, especially after exposure to wildlife, standing water, or an unvaccinated pet. Ensure you provide your veterinarian with your pet’s vaccination and preventive care history. They will perform a thorough physical examination and may recommend several blood, urine, and fecal tests to determine if a zoonotic disease is causing your pet’s illness. Advanced imaging such as X-rays or ultrasound may also be recommended to rule out other underlying illnesses. Pets who are diagnosed with intestinal parasites will require several deworming medication doses. However, pets with more serious zoonotic diseases may require hospitalization for stabilization and treatment which may include:

• Intravenous (IV) fluid therapy 
• IV antibiotics
• Antifungal medication
• Pain medication
• Anti-nausea medication
• Gastrointestinal protectants
• Liver support medication

Financial options for your pet’s zoonotic disease treatment

Pets undergoing zoonotic treatment may require an extended hospital stay and several checkups which can be expensive. However, purchasing a pet health insurance plan like Trupanion when your pet is young will ensure funds are available for your pet’s emergency care. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other financial options for covering treatment costs include Care Credit, Scratch Pay, a pet health savings account, and short-term loans.

Zoonotic disease prevention in pets

Good hygiene practices such as handwashing and regular visits with your family veterinarian are the best prevention against zoonotic diseases in your pet. Additionally, rabies and leptospirosis vaccinations will ensure your pet is protected against two deadly diseases. Other preventive methods include:

• Ensuring your pet’s vaccinations are current 
• Giving your pet year-round veterinary-recommended flea and parasite preventives
• Bringing your pet for immediate veterinary care after any potential disease exposure or if they are showing disease signs
• Regularly bathing and grooming your pet
• Regularly cleaning your pet’s food and water bowls and storing them away from human dishes
• Immediately picking up and properly disposing of your pet’s feces 
• Wearing gloves when picking up your pet’s feces or when cleaning your cat’s litter box
• Avoiding contact with wildlife
• Preventing your pet from drinking or swimming in standing water such as a pond or creek that may be contaminated 
• Avoiding feeding your pet any raw meats or eggs or unwashed vegetables or fruits

Call your family veterinarian right away if your pet has any zoonotic disease signs or a known exposure. If your pet ever needs help after hours, contact Animal Emergency Care. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.cdc.gov/onehealth/basics/zoonotic-diseases.html

https://www.dshs.state.tx.us/IDCU/health/Tick-Borne-Diseases.aspx

https://www.avma.org/resources/pet-owners/petcare/zoonotic-diseases-and-pets-faq

https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/infectious-parasitic/c_multi_leptospirosis

https://www.petmd.com/blogs/thedailyvet/pmahaney/2012/apr/keeping_pets_friendly_disease_free-14631

The post Zoonosis and Your Pet: A Dangerous Combination appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

#1: Behavior changes in your pet

Like people, pets have unique personalities that make them special. Many also have distinct behaviors such as barking at the mailman or whining when a pesky squirrel runs through the yard. However, if your dog starts to ignore the mail truck or delivery person or your grumpy cat has suddenly become a purring cuddle companion, it may be an indication they are in pain. Sudden behavior changes may be a clue they are experiencing discomfort. Pets are creatures of habit, and subtle changes are often the first clue something is wrong. Bring your pet in for a veterinary examination if you notice the following behavior changes:

• Growling, hissing, or biting in a usually calm or docile pet
• Calm, quiet behavior in a pet who is usually aggressive or unfriendly 
• Unusual vocalization including howling, whining, whimpering, or yelping 
• Excessive hiding
• Avoiding being touched, held, or picked up 
• Seeking more affection than usual or exhibiting needy behavior 

#2: Activity level changes in your pet

Many pet owners can set a timer based on their pet’s playtime, walking, and park visit schedules. Naptime is also an important activity for many pets, especially cats. Changes in your pet’s desire to play or reluctance to get up after a long nap may be an indication they are in pain. Joint diseases such as arthritis can make it difficult for pets to climb stairs or chase after their favorite toy. Other activity changes that may indicate your pet is in pain include: 

• Trembling or excessive circling before attempting to lie down
• Difficulty getting up or lying down
• Reluctance to move, run, or play
• Restlessness

#3: Daily habit changes in your pet 

Most pets eat the same amount of food and snacks every day and drink a consistent amount of water. That could change with warmer weather or if their activity level increases. However, if there have been no recent changes in your pet’s planned activities or environment, then habit changes such as eating one cup of food when they normally eat two cups daily could be a clue they are in pain. A pet’s decreased or absent appetite may be an indication of an underlying medical problem such as gastrointestinal distress or a stomachache. Dental disease also can cause a hungry pet to reduce their food or water intake because of painful, infected teeth. Other habit changes that may indicate pain include:

• Inappropriate urination in the house or increased litter box visits
• Changes in sleeping habits such as sleeping during times when they are usually active
• Decreased desire to socialize with household members
• Ignoring treats or meal times 
• Dropping food from the mouth while eating

#4: Grooming changes in your pet  

Your pet’s shiny coat, healthy fur, and clear skin are good indicators of their overall health and wellness. Pets, especially cats, regularly groom themselves to keep clean and distribute their natural skin oils. However, excessive grooming that leads to self-mutilation or injury is an indication they may be experiencing pain. Pets who excessively lick, bite, or scratch their skin may have a painful skin infection or an injury.  Bring your pet in for a veterinary examination if you notice changes in their grooming habits.

#5: Facial expression changes in your pet  

Your dog’s wagging tail and slobbery tongue are some of the many ways they show their love and affection. In some cases, it may seem that your dog is smiling when they see you approach the cookie jar for a much-deserved treat. Pets, like people, use their faces to communicate, and subtle changes in facial expression such as a grimace or closed-mouth smile may indicate they are nauseous or in pain. Decoding your cat’s facial expressions is often challenging because most cats have mastered the ability to hide signs of pain. Fortunately, the feline grimace scale is available to help pet owners interpret their cat’s expressions. Expressions that may indicate pain include:

• Glazed or sleeping eyes
• Enlarged pupils
• Flattened ears
• Appearing to stare off into space
• Excessive panting when at rest

Call your family veterinarian if you suspect your pet is experiencing pain. If your pet is showing signs of pain after hours, call Animal Emergency Care. #AECprevents

Source:

https://www.aaha.org/globalassets/02-guidelines/pain-management/painmanagement_dogs_web.pdf

The post Tell Me Where It Hurts: 5 Signs Your Pet May Be in Pain appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.