What is feline calicivirus in cats? 

FCV is a highly contagious RNA virus affecting cats that is a significant cause of upper respiratory and oral infections. In fact, FCV causes more than 50 percent of cat respiratory infections. This virus most commonly occurs in multi-cat environments, such as shelters, breeding colonies, or pet stores. This virus readily mutates and vaccinations may not fully prevent new strains. However, most cats who contract FCV will recover. In rare cases some cats may contract a severe case of FCV-associated virulent systemic disease (FCV-VSD), which is fatal in 60 percent of cases. FCV spreads through direct contact with saliva, eye discharge, nasal discharge, or aerosolized sneeze droplets from infected cats. Common ways a cat may become infected include:

• Direct contact with an infected cat
• Kittens born to a FCV-carrier mother
• Sharing food bowls, water bowls, or litter trays with an infected cat
• Contact with a human who recently interacted with an infected cat
• Contact with contaminated environments and objects, including bedding or grooming tools

Feline calicivirus signs in cats

FCV signs in cats are similar to other infections that may cause an upper respiratory infection. Severity will depend on the viral strain type, and the strength of the infected cat’s immune system. Young cats, kittens, and cats who have other chronic conditions have an increased risk for more severe FCV signs. Signs may occur between 2 and 14 days following the initial infection and can persist for more than six weeks. Cats who contract FCV may shed the virus for more than three weeks following an infection, and some pets may become long-term FCV carriers. Signs may include:

• Uncontrollable, sudden sneezing attacks 
• Nasal congestion
• Excessive eye blinking and squinting
• Mouth and tongue ulcers
• Inflamed gums
• Drooling
• Clear, yellow, or green nasal and eye discharge
• Redness around and in the eye
• Loss of smell
• Fever
• Lethargy
• Loss of appetite
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Painful joints

Cats who contract FCV-VSD may show the following signs:

• High fever
• Swelling of the head and legs
• Crusting sores around the face and mouth
• Hair loss around the nose, ears, eyes, and foot pads
• Skin yellowing

Feline calicivirus diagnosis and treatment in cats 

Your cat needs a veterinary examination if they are showing FCV or FCV-VSD infection signs, which are similar to other respiratory infections including feline viral rhinotracheitis. Ensure you inform your veterinarian if your cat has interacted with a potentially infected kitten or adult cat, or if they have recently been adopted from a shelter. Diagnosis is based on your cat’s medical history, clinical signs, and potential FCV exposure history. A PCR test to look for FCV DNA in samples of an infected cat’s eye, nose, or throat will provide a definitive diagnosis. Other diagnostics tests may include a complete blood count to check for secondary infections or an associated disease and a serum biochemistry test to evaluate organ function. Specialized eye tests to check for corneal ulcerations and dry eye may also be recommended. An X-ray may be recommended to check for joint swelling or pneumonia. 

No treatment can stop an FCV infection, although cats who receive immediate veterinary care have a good prognosis. Most pets will recover following at-home supportive care and treatments, including keeping their nose and eyes clean. Kittens or adult cats with severe signs or cats who have FCV-VSD may require hospitalization. Treatments may include:

• Intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration from excess nasal or eye discharge
• Antibiotics to prevent secondary bacterial infections
• Decongestants 
• Oxygen therapy 
• Topical eye medications
• Antiviral medications
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications to decrease fever and alleviate any oral ulcer or joint pain
• L-lysine supplements for immune system support
• Environmental humidification or nebulization
• Specialized diet   

Financial options for your cat’s feline calicivirus treatment  

FCV often requires treatment for several weeks in addition to multiple follow -up appointments. Cats with severe cases may require an extended hospital stay, and such care can result in a large veterinary bill. However, several payment options are available to cover treatment costs including:

• Pet health insurance such as Trupanion which will ensure you can cover the costs for your pet’s emergency FCV treatment 
• Care Credit and Scratch Pay which allow payments to be spread out over longer periods
• Pet health savings accounts or short-term loans offered by most financial institutions

Feline calicivirus prevention in cats

Vaccinating your cat when they are young is the best prevention against a severe FCV infection. The FVRCP vaccine is a core cat vaccine that provides protection against FCV and other dangerous respiratory agents. FCV is a mutating virus (i.e., vaccinated cats can still be infected), but disease severity will be greatly reduced, and some infected cats may never show signs. Do not let your cat outside or around other cats or people with cats until they are fully vaccinated against the virus. FCV can survive in the environment for extended periods, so ensure you use diluted bleach to clean areas where an infected cat was present. Use hot water and detergent to clean an infected cat’s bedding. 

Ensure your cat is vaccinated by your family veterinarian to prevent a severe FCV infection. If your cat is showing FCV signs after hours, bring them to Animal Emergency Care for immediate care. #AECprevents

Sources: 

https://www.petmd.com/cat/wellness/what-fvrcp-cat-vaccine

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951489

https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/baker-institute/our-research/animal-health-articles-and-helpful-links/feline-calicivirus

The post Feline Calicivirus: More Than a Cold appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is feline viral rhinotracheitis in cats?

FVR is a highly contagious infectious disease affecting cats, and a major cause of upper respiratory infections (URI). FVR is caused by infection from feline herpes virus type-1 (FHV-1) and does not affect other species. Cats who contract FVR will have a lifelong FHV-1 infection that will likely remain inactive unless the cat is exposed to a stressful event, when the virus may reactivate. Additionally, cats with FVR are at risk for respiratory problems, long-term eye problems, and secondary bacterial infections, which may cause pneumonia in severe cases. The FHV-1 virus spreads to other cats through direct contact with saliva, eye discharge, or nasal discharge of infected cats. Common ways a cat may become infected include:

• Direct contact with an infected cat
• Sharing food bowls, water bowls, or litter trays with an infected cat
• Inhaling an infected cat’s sneeze droplets 
• Contact with contaminated environments or objects, including bedding or grooming tools

Feline viral rhinotracheitis signs in cats

FVR signs are similar to other agents, which may cause a URI in cats, and severity will depend on the strength of the infected cat’s immune system. Young cats, kittens, and cats who have other chronic conditions have an increased FVR risk. FVR signs occur between two days and five days following the initial infection, and can persist for one month. Signs may include:

• Uncontrollable, sudden, sneezing attacks 
• Nasal congestion
• Excessive eye blinking and squinting
• Clear, yellow, or green nasal and eye discharge
• Redness around and in the eye
• Loss of smell
• Fever
• Lethargy
• Loss of appetite
• Enlarged lymph nodes

Feline viral rhinotracheitis diagnosis and treatment in cats 

Your cat needs a veterinary examination if they are showing FVR infection signs, which are similar to other respiratory infections. Ensure you inform your veterinarian if your cat has interacted with a potentially infected kitten or adult cat, because some infected adult cats may not show FVR signs. Diagnosis is based on your cat’s medical history, clinical signs, and potential FVR exposure history. A PCR test to look for FHV-1 DNA in samples from an infected cat’s eye, nose, or throat will provide a definitive diagnosis. Other diagnostic tests may include a complete blood count to check for secondary infections or an associated disease, and a serum biochemistry test to evaluate organ function. Specialized eye tests to check for corneal ulcerations and dry eye may also be recommended. 

An FVR infection has no cure and some adult cats with mild signs may recover without treatment. Pets who receive immediate veterinary care have a good prognosis. Kittens or adult cats with severe signs may require hospitalization. Treatments may include:

• Intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration from excess nasal or eye discharge
• Antibiotics to prevent secondary bacterial infections
• Topical eye medications
• Antiviral medications
• Probiotics
• L-lysine supplements for immune system support
• Environmental humidification or nebulization
• Specialized diet   

Financial options for your cat’s feline viral rhinotracheitis treatment  

Cats who are diagnosed with FVR will require long-term specialized home care with regular checkups, and some pets may also require extended treatment in a veterinary hospital, which can be expensive. Fortunately, many payment options are available, including pet health insurance, to help ease the financial stress. Research the various pet insurance policies and consider purchasing a plan when bringing a feline companion into your family. Most pet insurance providers including Trupanion have policies that include reimbursement for emergency veterinary care and hospitalization. Other payment methods include:

• Care Credit
• Scratch Pay
• Pet health savings accounts
• Short-term bank loans

Feline viral rhinotracheitis prevention in cats

Vaccinating your cat when they are young is the best prevention against an FVR infection. The FVRCP vaccine is a core cat vaccine that provides protection against FHV-1 and other dangerous respiratory agents. Cats who have had previous FHV-1 infection may require more frequent vaccine boosters, to prevent the infection from reactivating. Vaccinated cats can still be infected with FHV-1, but disease severity will be greatly reduced, and some infected cats may never show signs. Additionally, your cat should not be outside, or around other felines or people with cats, until they are fully vaccinated against the virus. Avoid exposing your cat to stressful situations, which can also cause reactivation of an FHV-1 infection. Frequent hand washing and keeping a clean environment will also help prevent infection. FHV-1 will survive in a moist environment, but will die as soon as the infected secretions dry. Diluted bleach is the most effective household cleaner against this virus. Clean an infected cat’s bedding with hot water and detergent. 

Ensure your cat is vaccinated by your family veterinarian to prevent a severe URI. However, call Animal Emergency Care if your cat has any FVR signs after hours, and bring them in for immediate care. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951824

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951489

https://icatcare.org/advice/feline-herpesvirus-fhv-infection

The post Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis: A Potential Lifelong Infection appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What are pregnancy complications in pets? 

Pregnant pets are most at risk of problems during labor and immediately after giving birth. Pet owners must understand pregnancy basics so that they recognize any problems. Cats and dogs are pregnant for approximately 63 days, and fetuses are visible on X-ray after 45 days into pregnancy. Your pet will become restless 20 hours before labor and their temperature will decrease to 98 or 99 degrees. The most common complication during labor is dystocia which occurs when a puppy or kitten becomes stuck in the birth canal due to their position or size. Certain dog breeds including French bulldogs, Boston terriers, pugs, and Chihuahuas have an increased dystocia risk because of their size and body conformation.

Mother pets are at risk for other complications during the weeks following giving birth including:

• Metritis —This condition occurs when your pet’s uterus is inflamed because of trauma during birth or a retained placenta. 
• Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia —Some mothers cannot manage the calcium demand of their growing fetuses or from nursing puppies or kittens, and develop dangerously low calcium levels. This condition is more common in toy-breed dogs. 
• Mastitis —Mastitis is a painful, inflammatory condition of the mammary glands that can occur during and after pregnancy, and is caused by a bacterial infection. 

Pregnancy complication signs in pets

Labor can take up to 24 hours and depends on the number of kittens or puppies in the litter. Birth complication signs may include:

• Absence of labor signs more than 24 hours after a mother‘s body temperature has decreased
• Strong contractions for more than 30 minutes that do not result in a birth
• More than four hours between births
• More than 70 days of gestation
• Extreme pain including vocalization and excessive panting
• Excessive vaginal bleeding 

Pets will normally experience a fever for 24 to 48 hours after giving birth and may experience vaginal discharge for eight weeks. However, fever for more than 48 hours or foul smelling vaginal discharge,commonly signal metritis. Other postpartum complications may include these signs:

• Decreased appetite
• Lack of interest in their young
• Inability to stand
• Muscle stiffness
• Painful gait
• Seizures
• Lethargy
• Difficulty breathing

Pregnancy complication treatments in pets

Immediately bring your pet for a veterinary examination if they are showing pregnancy or postpartum complication signs. Pets who are experiencing a dystocia will likely require a Cesarean section to remove the litter. Your veterinarian may recommend blood tests and imaging such as X-rays prior to surgery to determine the number of fetuses, and the mother’s overall health. Additional treatments may include:

• Intravenous (IV) fluids
• Localized pain control
• Antibiotics 
• Spay surgery following delivery of the litter
• Heart rate and blood pressure monitoring
• Body temperature monitoring and regulation with specialized warming pads

Your veterinarian may recommend additional blood tests to check for an infection or calcium levels if your pet is showing postpartum complication signs. Treatment for postpartum complications may include:

• Antibiotics
• IV calcium
• IV fluid therapy

Payment options for pregnancy complications in pets

Dystocia surgery and treatment for post-pregnancy complications may require an extended hospital stay in addition to several follow up appointments, and can result in a large veterinary bill. However, pet health insurance like Trupanion will ensure you can cover your pet’s emergency care expenses for pregnancy complications. Trupanion will pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other payment methods include:

• Care Credit 
• Scratch Pay 
• Pet health savings account 
• Short-term loans 

Pregnancy complication prevention for pets

The only guaranteed way to prevent pregnancy complications is sterilization by spaying or neutering your pets. Pregnancy-related complications are always a possibility. Proper care during and after pregnancy is vital to decrease the risk of complications and should include  the following:

• A diet that is Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO)-approved for pregnancy, and nursing
• Wellness veterinary examinations to confirm pregnancy
• Veterinary examination and X-rays after 45 days of pregnancy to determine the number of puppies or kittens
• Regular walks but not intense exercise
• Isolation from other pets in the final three weeks to prevent the mother from contracting any infections 

Immediately contact your family veterinarian if your pet is experiencing pregnancy complications or bring them to Animal Emergency Care if they need help after hours. #AECprevents

Sources: 

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951916

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951546

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951324

https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/risk-factors-prevalence-dystocia-dogs

The post What to Expect When Your Expecting Pet Has Pregnancy Complications appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is feline leukemia in cats?

FeLV is a highly contagious retrovirus that causes more cat deaths than any other organism. Affected cats are at risk for secondary diseases, including anemia, neurologic disorders, reproductive problems, liver disease, mouth inflammation, and a suppressed immune system. FeLV is the most common cause of lymphoma cancer in cats. Young cats, cats who live primarily outdoors, unneutered male cats, and unvaccinated cats who have underlying medical problems are most at risk for contracting FeLV although any cat can be affected. FeLV is easily transmitted through close social contact with an infected cat who can shed the virus through saliva, blood, urine, feces, nasal secretions, and milk. Common transmission methods include: 

• Bite wound from an infected cat
• Mutual grooming 
• Exposure to an unvaccinated outdoor cat
• Sharing food or water bowls
• Sharing a litter box
• Blood transfusion from an infected cat
• In-utero infection of a fetus from an FeLV-positive mother
• Kittens nursing from an infected mother
• Crowded catteries or shelters with poor ventilation 

Feline leukemia signs in cats

Some cats may not show signs after FeLV exposure, and more than 70% resist infection and clear the virus on their own. Cats who appear healthy after FeLV exposure can still spread the virus. Illness signs are highly variable and may not appear for weeks, months, or years following exposure. Signs include: 

• Loss of appetite 
• Vomiting and diarrhea 
• Dull hair coat
• Weight loss
• Pale gums
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Persistent fever
• Lethargy and weakness
• Inflammation of the gums and mouth (i.e., stomatitis or oral ulcers)
• Seizures or other neurologic disorders 
• Difficulty breathing 

Diagnosis and treatment of cats with feline leukemia 

Your cat needs a veterinary examination if they are showing FeLV infection signs which are similar to many other disease processes. Ensure you inform your veterinarian if your cat has been outdoors, bitten by another cat, or has interacted with a potentially infected kitten or adult cat. FeLV is diagnosed with a simple blood test that takes only a few minutes. Your veterinarian may recommend other diagnostic tests to check for secondary infections or an associated disease including blood tests to evaluate organ function and X-rays to examine your cat’s organ structure. 

An FeLV infection has no cure, and most cats will succumb to FeLV-associated illness once infected. However, many infected cats can enjoy a high quality of life for several years with regular veterinary care. FeLV-infected cats are more at risk for secondary bacterial infections and may require antibiotics as well as additional treatments that may include:

• Blood transfusion for anemia
• Chemotherapy for FeLV-associated cancer
• Immunotherapy medication 
• Dental extractions and regular dental cleanings
• Intravenous fluid therapy 

Payment options for a cat’s feline leukemia treatment 

Cats who are diagnosed with FeLV will require life-long veterinary care with regular check-ups to ensure they enjoy a high quality of life. Cats who develop FeLV-associated diseases like cancer may require extended hospital stays for treatment and stabilization which can be expensive. Several financial options are available to cover treatment costs. Consider purchasing a health insurance plan like Trupanion when your cat is young to ensure funds are available for such long-term care. Other options including Care Credit and Scratch Pay are available, and they allow payments to be spread out over longer periods with delayed interest rates in some cases. You can also invest in a pet health savings account to ensure funds are available for your pet’s health care. 

Feline leukemia prevention in cats 

An FeLV diagnosis can be devastating for cat owners but a vaccine is available for cats who have not previously been exposed to the virus. The American Association of Feline Practitioners recommends that most kittens receive two vaccinations plus a booster at 12 months of age. Your veterinarian will determine if your cat is a good candidate for the FeLV vaccine.

Ensure you bring your newly adopted kitten for a veterinary examination and FeLV testing before introducing them to other feline family members. Several blood tests during your kitten’s first six months may be required to ensure they are FeLV-negative. Other prevention methods include: 

• Keeping your cat indoors to prevent exposure
• Scheduling regular veterinary check-ups
• Avoiding contact with unvaccinated cats
• Scheduling twice yearly or more frequent veterinary visits for FeLV-positive cats to manage secondary infections or diseases
• Avoiding bringing new cats into a home with an FeLV-positive cat

Ask your family veterinarian to determine if your cat is a good FeLV vaccination candidate. If your cat shows any FeLV signs after hours bring them to Animal Emergency Care for immediate care. #AECprevents

Sources: 

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951934

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/cat-owners/disorders-affecting-multiple-body-systems-of-cats/feline-leukemia-virus-felv

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/feline-leukemia-virus-and-related-diseases/feline-leukemia-virus-and-related-diseases-in-cats-overview

https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/feline-leukemia-virus

The post Feline Leukemia Virus: Is Your Cat At Risk? appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is Lyme disease in pets?

Lyme disease is a tick-borne illness named after the town of Lyme, Connecticut where it was first identified in the 1970s. The disease is caused by the worm-like spiral-shaped bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi which requires a mammalian host to mature and spread. The bacterium cannot survive outside a host so environmental spread is not a concern. Four tick species are known to carry the Lyme disease organism with the small deer tick the most common. This disease can affect any mammal but is most commonly reported in dogs, horses, and humans who have spent time in wooded or grassy areas near rivers, lakes, or oceans. Infection occurs when a tick attaches for a blood meal, although the tick must remain on the host for more than 24 hours to allow time for the bacterium to migrate through the tick into the bloodstream. Your pet’s risk of contracting this disease is higher in the Northeastern U.S. areas and Northern California. However, pets who have been exposed to ticks in any region including Bellingham are at risk. 

Lyme disease signs in pets

Clinical Lyme disease is not common in pets, unlike humans, and 90% of infected pets will not show any disease signs. The disease is rarely reported in cats. Signs typically do not occur for weeks or months after infection. Signs may include:

• Fever
• Decreased appetite
• Lameness
• Joint swelling
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Decreased activity or lethargy

Some pets, although rarely, may experience a complicated case of Lyme disease infection caused by bacteria present in their kidneys. Signs may include:

• Increased thirst and urination
• Vomiting and diarrhea
• Weight loss
• Blindness
• Heart murmur
• Low blood pressure 

Lyme Disease diagnosis and treatment in pets

Bring your pet for a veterinary examination if you notice any Lyme disease signs. Disease diagnosis in your pet is challenging because the signs are similar to other tick-borne illnesses. Ensure your veterinarian knows that you have noticed ticks on your pet, have traveled to an area where Lyme disease is prevalent, or have been hiking in a wooded area. Your veterinarian may recommend a specialized blood test to check for an infection if they suspect this disease is affecting your pet. Additional diagnostic tests may include blood work to check for infection and overall organ health, and imaging such as X-rays to examine your pet’s joints for other causes. Lyme disease is rarely fatal to pets but early detection will ensure a more positive treatment outcome. Pets with uncomplicated Lyme disease will not require a hospital stay, and will be prescribed a one-month course of antibiotics. Other treatments may include:

• Pain medication  
• Immunosuppressive medications for complicated forms of the disease
• Blood and urine tests to monitor kidney health
• Blood pressure monitoring 

Payment options for Lyme disease treatment in pets 

Pets undergoing treatment will likely require several follow-up appointments, and severe cases may require an extended hospital stay. This long-term care can result in a large veterinary bill. Fortunately several payment options are available to cover treatment costs including pet health insurance like Trupanion. Trupanion will pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for your reimbursement. Other payment options include pet health savings accounts, Care Credit, Scratch Pay, and short-term loans.

Lyme disease prevention in pets 

Veterinary-prescribed tick prevention products are the safest and most cost-effective way to prevent Lyme disease in your pet. Always check the Centers for Disease Control Lyme disease case map, if you are planning to travel with your pet. Other prevention measures include:

• Checking yourself and your pet for ticks after time in the woods
• Keeping lawn areas well maintained
• Keeping shrubs away from your home
• Discussing whether your pet needs the Lyme vaccine with your veterinarian

Early diagnosis and treatment are key to a positive outcome for Lyme disease treatment in your pet. Immediately contact your family veterinarian if your pet is showing signs of this disease, or bring them to our Animal Emergency Care office if they become ill after hours. #AEC prevents

The post A Tick-Ing Time Bomb: Lyme Disease and Your Pet appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is lily toxicity in pets?

Lily plants and flowers are popular springtime decor in many homes and gardens. A variety of plants and flowers are referred to as lilies, including hybrid lily plants. This diversity can be confusing to pet owners who are unfamiliar with pet-toxic plants. True lilies or daylilies are extremely toxic to cats, and the entire plant including the stems, leaves, flowers, pollen, and vase water can be deadly if ingested. Small amounts of any lily part are toxic, and cats who groom only a few pollen grains from their paws or body can become poisoned. The exact chemical that is toxic to cats has not been identified. Cats who ingest lilies are at risk for renal failure and death without treatment. Dogs who ingest lilies do not develop renal failure but may experience minor gastrointestinal (GI) upset. Other plants named “lily” which are not true lilies, including lily of the valley and flame lilies, can cause heart problems and organ failure when ingested by dogs and cats.

Lily toxicity signs in pets

Lily toxicity signs will vary among cats and these dangerous plants affect some pets more than others. The reason is unclear. Lily toxicity signs occur less than 12 hours after ingestion and renal damage occurs between 12 and 24 hours after exposure. Signs include: 

• Decreased activity
• Lethargy 
• Excess drooling
• Nausea and vomiting
• Decreased appetite
• Increased thirst
• Increased urination
• Dehydration
• Lack of urination after one or two days

Lily toxicity diagnosis and treatment in pets

Diagnosis of lily toxicity is based on clinical signs, a history of ingestion, or owners who found plant pieces in their pet’s vomit. Your pet will require immediate veterinary care if you suspect they have had contact with this plant or you have observed them eating a portion of a lily plant or flower. Bring a photo or flower from the plant to the veterinary hospital for identification when possible to help with a fast diagnosis and treatment plan. Cats who ingest lilies are at risk for irreversible kidney damage and some do not recover despite aggressive veterinary medical care. Cats who do not receive treatment less than 18 hours after toxic lily ingestion will experience irreversible kidney failure and will not likely survive. Your veterinarian will recommend blood and urine tests to closely monitor your pet’s kidney and organ function. Treatment for lily toxicity includes:

• Induced vomiting if the pet ingested the plant less than two or three hours ago
• Anti-nausea medication
• Activated charcoal for toxin absorption
• Intravenous fluids to support the kidneys and prevent dehydration
• Heart rate and blood pressure monitoring
• Body temperature monitoring and regulation 
• Dialysis if urine production has stopped

Payment options for lily toxicity treatment in pets 

Pets undergoing treatment for lily toxicity will likely require an extended hospital stay and several follow-up appointments to ensure their kidneys are healthy. This long-term care can result in a large veterinary bill but several payment options are available to cover treatment costs. Purchasing a pet health insurance plan like Trupanion will ensure funds are available for emergency treatment. Trupanion will pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other payment options include:

• Pet health savings accounts
• Care Credit
• Scratch Pay
• Short-term loans

Lily toxicity prevention for pets

Cats will naturally investigate plants by chewing or pawing at the flowers, so you must ensure they do not have access to any lily plants or flowers. Do not let your pets have access to the yard if lilies are present. Check the ASPCA toxic plant list before bringing any plants indoors or planting them in your garden. Provide pet-safe plant material such as fresh catnip to decrease your cat’s desire to seek out other plants. 

A quick response and treatment is critical for a successful outcome in pets who ingest toxic lilies. Immediately call your family veterinarian or bring your pet to Animal Emergency Care if it is after hours. #AECprevents

The post Pet Poison Prevention: Understanding Lily Toxicity in Pets appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is xylitol toxicity in pets?

Xylitol is found naturally as sugar alcohol in berries, plums, oats, corn, mushrooms, and other fruits, and has increased recently in popularity as a sugar substitute because of its low glycemic index and dental plaque fighting properties. Xylitol looks and tastes like sugar, has 40% less calories, and is commonly used in diabetic and low-carbohydrate diets. Humans who ingest xylitol may experience a laxative effect. However, pets, especially dogs, who ingest xylitol can become hypoglycemic in 30 minutes and can be affected for more than 12 hours. Xylitol is quickly released in a pet’s bloodstream and triggers the pancreas to release three to seven times the amount of insulin that is normally released with an equivalent amount of sugar. Small amounts can be deadly and only one stick of sugarless gum can cause poisoning in small dogs. Toxicity is variable and pets who ingest large amounts of xylitol are at risk of liver failure and death. Why xylitol affects the liver in dogs and whether cats experience the same effect is not known.

Xylitol toxicity signs in pets

Xylitol toxicity signs may not be immediately obvious and can take up 8 to 12 hours in some cases. However, most dogs will show signs within 30 minutes of ingesting a product that contains xylitol. Signs depend on the amount ingested and include:

• Vomiting
• Weakness or lethargy
• Depression
• Difficulty standing
• Incoordination
• Tremors
• Yellowing of skin or mucous membranes
• Collapse
• Seizures
• Coma

Xylitol toxicity diagnosis and treatment in pets

A xylitol toxicity diagnosis is based on a pet’s ingestion history and clinical signs. Some dogs will not show immediate signs of poisoning, but you must bring them to your veterinarian immediately if you observe them eating anything that contains xylitol. Your veterinarian may induce vomiting if the ingestion has occurred recently, but you should never induce vomiting in your pet unless directed by a veterinarian. Vomiting can be dangerous for some pets with xylitol poisoning and can lead to increased dehydration or aspiration pneumonia. Poisoned pets will likely require an extended hospital stay for emergency care, treatment, and continued observation. Your veterinarian may recommend several blood tests to closely monitor for changes in blood sugar, organ function, and electrolytes. Treatments to combat hypoglycemia, electrolyte imbalances, and potential liver failure may include: 

• Intravenous (IV) dextrose
• IV fluids to prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
• Liver protecting medications
• Hourly blood glucose tests for more than 12 hours
• Anti-nausea medication
• Heart rate and blood pressure monitoring
• Body temperature monitoring and regulation with specialized warming pads
• Anticonvulsants if seizures develop

Dogs who are treated immediately for xylitol toxicity will usually recover. However, dogs who do not receive immediate treatment or who have ingested large amounts of xylitol that has affected their liver have a low survival chance. 

Financial planning for treatment of xylitol toxicity in pets

Pets undergoing xylitol toxicity treatment often require an extended hospital stay and several checkups which can result in a large veterinary bill. However, pet health insurance like Trupanion will ensure you can cover the costs for your pet’s emergency care for an accidental poisoning. Trupanion will pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other alternative payment options include:

• Care Credit — Care Credit offers specialized credit cards that can help delay interest payments.
• Scratch Pay — This service provides fast, flexible payment options with variable interest rates depending on an individual’s credit. 
• Pet health savings account — Many financial institutions offer incentives for pet health savings accounts which ensure you have funds budgeted for your pet’s medical care.
• Short-term loans — These loans often have high interest rates but can be used as a last resort.

Xylitol toxicity prevention in pets

Keeping any products containing xylitol out of paws’ reach is the easiest, most important method of preventing xylitol toxicity in your pet. In addition, always check the label before giving human food treats such as peanut butter to your pet. Never brush your pet’s teeth with human toothpaste which may contain xylitol. Some veterinary dental products also contain non-toxic amounts of xylitol, and you should always follow veterinary instructions when using these products. 

Call your family veterinarian if you suspect your pet has ingested a product with xylitol or bring them to Animal Emergency Care immediately if they are showing xylitol toxicity signs. #AECprevents

Sources: 

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4952819

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/toxicology/food-hazards/xylitol?query=xylitol%20ingestion

https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/paws-xylitol-its-dangerous-dogs

The post Pet Poison Prevention: Understanding Xylitol Toxicity in Pets appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is rodenticide toxicity in pets?

Many types of commercial rodenticides are available and all vary in toxicity and action mechanism but have the same goal of ridding homes and surrounding areas of rats or mice. However, the deadly effects of these dangerous poisons often affect more than rats and mice, including your pets. The toxic effects depend on the type and category of rodenticide that is ingested. Common rodenticides include:

• Anticoagulant —These include warfarin, brodifacoum, dopaquinone, and bromadiolone. Anticoagulant rodenticides are the most common type and they function to disrupt blood clotting in an animal by inhibiting the body’s ability to activate vitamin K reserves. This poison leads to widespread blood vessel destruction and bleeding. 
• Non-anticoagulant — Bromethalin is the most commonly used poison in this category, and small amounts are deadly to rats or wildlife. Bromethalin disrupts the brain’s ability to oxygenate and leads to swelling and other neurologic problems. There is no antidote for bromethalin toxicity. 
• Cholecalciferol — This poison produces excess calcium in the blood and leads to hardening of soft tissue throughout the body. Kidney damage can also occur. 
• Zinc Phosphide — This poison is intended for outdoor use only, and is commonly used around farms. Ingestion causes the formation of a dangerous gas that leads to fluid accumulation in the lungs and the inability to breathe. 

Rodenticide toxicity signs in pets

Clinical signs of rodenticide toxicity in your pet can take several days before they are obvious. Type and severity of signs will vary depending on the type and amount of rodenticide that was ingested and may include:

• Vomiting
• Diarrhea which may contain blood
• Bruising
• Pale gums
• Nose bleeds
• Hyperexcitability
• Depression
• Decreased appetite
• Weakness
• Rapid breathing
• Difficulty regulating body temperature
• Seizures
• Muscle tremors
• Bleeding in multiple body locations
• Hind limb paralysis
• Increased thirst and urination

Rodenticide toxicity diagnosis and treatment in pets

Immediately take your pet for emergency care if you suspect they have ingested any rodenticide. Diagnosing rodenticide toxicity without first-hand knowledge of ingestion and the type of poison can be difficult, and you must ensure you let your veterinarian know if there is any rat poison in or around your pet’s environment, whether or not you saw them actually eat anything. Diagnosis is based on history and clinical signs. Bringing the poison box or label to the veterinary clinic will help with a fast diagnosis and treatment plan. Pets who have been accidently poisoned will require hospitalization for treatment and prolonged observation. Treatment will depend on severity and type of poisoning and may include:

• Blood tests to determine clotting ability 
• Blood tests to check for organ damage and anemia
• Advanced imaging (i.e., MRI, CT) to monitor for brain damage 
• Intravenous fluids
• Specialized warming pads to regulate body temperature
• Heart and blood pressure monitoring
• Induction of vomiting
• Activated charcoal to absorb poison 
• Anti-nausea medication
• Medication to control seizures
• Blood transfusions
• Vitamin K
• Gastroprotectants
• Feeding tubes
• Specialized diet

Financial options for rodenticide toxicity treatment in pets

Pets undergoing treatment for rodenticide toxicity may require an extended hospital stay and several follow-up appointments. This is because the lasting effects and respective treatment can span several weeks. This long-term care can be expensive but several financial options are available to cover treatment costs. Consider purchasing a health insurance plan like Trupanion before an accidental poisoning with your pet occurs. Other options such as Care Credit and Scratch Pay allow payments to be spread out over longer periods with delayed interest rates in some cases. You can also invest in a pet health savings account to ensure funds are available for your pet’s health care. 

Rodenticide toxicity prevention in pets

Preventing access is vital to ensure your pet does not accidentally ingest any rodenticide. Humane traps are a safer alternative and do not involve placing any poison around your pet’s environment. You could also hire a professional exterminator if rodents have become unmanageable; a professional team should be able to develop a plan to remove the problem while keeping your pet family safe. Keep pets out of rooms or yards where poison is present and immediately remove any deceased rodents or wildlife. 

Bring your pet for immediate care if you suspect they have ingested rodenticide or if they are showing rodenticide toxicity signs. Call your family veterinarian or bring your pet to Animal Emergency Care. Rodenticide toxicity can be fatal to pets and immediate treatment will give your pet the best chance of survival. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4952117

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/special-pet-topics/poisoning/rodenticide-poisoning?query=rodenticide%20poisoning

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=8671284

The post Pet Poison Prevention: Understanding Rodenticide Toxicity in Pets appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is marijuana toxicity in pets?

Marijuana is a mix of cut, dried, and ground flowers and leaves from the Cannabis sativa plant. The psychoactive agent delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the most potent cannabinoid chemical and is responsible for the euphoric or high feeling that humans seek from this recreational drug. THC is also the culprit behind many pet emergencies. Other cannabinoid compounds, including CBD and hemp, are non-psychoactive derivative compounds from the cannabis plant and rarely lead to veterinary emergencies. Pets most commonly become intoxicated from eating marijuana in edible, plant, or oil forms. THC is the portion of marijuana that affects pets and is metabolized by the liver, and then distributed to the brain and other fatty tissues in the body. Many marijuana edibles contain other chemicals toxic to pets including chocolate or xylitol which can be deadly without treatment. 

Marijuana toxicity signs in pets

Pets can show toxicity signs only 30 to 90 minutes following ingestion. Marijuana toxicity signs vary and depend on the amount and type of marijuana ingested. Signs include:

• Vomiting or diarrhea
• Dilated pupils
• Slow heart rate
• Incoordination
• Listlessness
• Difficulty balancing
• Easily startled
• Vocalization
• Excess salivation or drooling
• Seizures 
• Coma
• Urinary incontinence
• Low body temperature

Marijuana toxicity diagnosis and treatment in pets

Many pet owners may be reluctant or embarrassed to admit that their pets have ingested marijuana in their home. However, you must tell your veterinarian if you think your pet has eaten any type of marijuana-derived substance or plant. Treatment is determined by the type and amount of toxic agent that your pet ingests, and early marijuana signs can mimic other toxicities such as antifreeze. Therefore your veterinarian needs to know the toxin in order to formulate the appropriate treatment. Marijuana toxicity may be diagnosed on the pet’s ingestion history, clinical signs, or a positive urine test. Fortunately marijuana toxicity is rarely fatal but can be deadly in pets who ingest large amounts or concentrated oil products. Immediately bring your pet for emergency care if you suspect marijuana toxicity. Treatment may include:

• Inducing vomiting if the pet ingested marijuana less than 30 minutes ago and has not developed clinical symptoms.
• Anti-nausea medication
• Activated charcoal for toxin absorption
• Intravenous fluids
• Specialized warming pads
• Sedation to decrease stress
• Seizure treatment
• Heart rate monitoring

Pets should remain hospitalized until all marijuana signs have subsided which can take up to 72 hours. 

Payment options for marijuana toxicity treatment in pets 

Emergency care and hospitalization for marijuana toxicity can lead to a large veterinary bill. Fortunately, multiple payment options are available to ensure you can cover the cost of your pet’s emergency care for an accidental poisoning. Consider purchasing a pet insurance plan like Trupanion which has policies that will pay your veterinary clinic directly and eliminate the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other payment options include:

• CareCredit
• Scratch Pay
• Pet health savings account
• Short-term loans

Marijuana toxicity prevention for pets

A pet’s curious nature can lead to accidental ingestion of a variety of toxic ingredients. Follow these tips to reduce the chance of your pet experiencing marijuana toxicity:

• Keep all recreational and prescribed medications out of paws’ reach.
• Store marijuana in a locked box or medicine container.
• Don’t leave marijuana edibles on the table or in a room with unsupervised pets.
• Keep pets out of rooms when smoking and don’t allow them back until the air is clear of any residual smoke. 
• Consider keeping marijuana plants in a separate room that is off-limits to all pets, especially cats. 

Call your family veterinarian right away or bring your pet to our hospital at Animal Emergency Care if you suspect they have ingested marijuana. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951863

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/toxicology/toxicities-from-human-drugs/toxicities-from-illicit-and-abused-drugs?query=marijuana%20toxicosis#v3353183

https://www.aspcapro.org/resource/marijuana-toxicosis-animals

The post Pet Poison Prevention: Understanding Marijuana Toxicity in Pets appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is Bordetella in dogs? 

Bordetella bronchiseptica is a gram-negative bacteria and the primary pathogen that causes kennel cough (i.e., infectious tracheobronchitis) in dogs. These extremely contagious bacteria attach to the protective respiratory cilia and prevent specialized immune cells from destroying them. Dogs with bordetella shed these infectious bacteria in their respiratory secretions. Any breed, age, or sex is at risk for kennel cough although unvaccinated pets, puppies, and senior dogs are at increased risk of severe infection. Transmission occurs when secretions from an infected dog travel through the air and are inhaled by a healthy dog. The bacteria can also be passed through dog bowls, toys, or other objects that an infected dog has contacted. Transmission commonly occurs in places such as:

• Crowded kennels or animal shelters
• Boarding facilities
• Areas with poor ventilation
• Dog parks 
• Pet stores
• Obedience classes
• Grooming salons

What are signs of Bordetella infection in your dog?

Dogs who are infected with Bordetella will show symptoms 2 to 14 days after the initial infection. They will experience a harsh, hacking cough as if something is stuck in their throat. Some dogs will have only a mild cough and will recover in two weeks without any treatment or further concerns. However, in more severe cases, dogs may experience a persistent and severe cough and pneumonia. Other clinical signs may include:

• Fever
• Lethargy
• Decreased appetite
• Sneezing
• Nasal discharge
• Eye discharge
• Retching

Pets with a more complicated form of bordetella will likely have secondary infections from other bacteria or viruses. This complex infection is referred to as canine infectious respiratory disease (CRD) and usually occurs in dogs older than 6 months. Ensure you keep your dog away from other pets to avoid spreading this contagious disease. These bacteria remain in their system for up to three months after infection and can easily spread to other dogs. 

What is Bordetella treatment in your dog?

Dogs with an uncomplicated Bordetella infection will recover quickly without any treatment. Animals with a chronic cough or more severe signs associated with pneumonia may require more involved treatments and possible hospitalization. Bring your dog to your family veterinarian if they have any Bordetella signs. Dogs with Bordetella will usually cough when their neck is gently massaged over their trachea. Other diagnostic tests may be recommended including X-rays to check for bronchitis and pneumonia, blood work for infection evaluation, and a respiratory disease screening test. Dogs with mild signs may be prescribed a course of antibiotics and a cough suppressant while dogs with severe infection may require hospitalization and the following treatments:

• Intravenous (IV) fluids  
• IV antibiotics 
• Oxygen therapy
• Cough suppressants

Financial options for your dog’s Bordetella treatment

Treatment for kennel cough or more severe CRD infection can lead to a high veterinary bill, especially for pets who require hospitalization for pneumonia. Pet insurance plans like Trupanion Express offer policies that can help cover the costs associated with unexpected veterinary treatment. Many financial institutions offer pet health savings accounts that can help ensure money is available to cover high veterinary expenses. Pet parents can also take advantage of other payment methods such as Care Credit and Scratch Pay and spread out veterinary bill payments over an extended period. 

How to prevent Bordetella in your dog

Regular vaccination is vital to protect your dog against Bordetella infection. Several vaccination types are available, and some also protect against other common respiratory bacteria and viruses that can occur with bordetella. Your family veterinarian will recommend a vaccination based on your pet’s lifestyle and behavior. Bordetella vaccine types include:

• Intranasal  — This vaccine also protects against other respiratory agents that can cause CRD. Some dogs may experience sneezing or nasal discharge for a few days after vaccination.
• Oral —The oral vaccine protects against Bordetella bacteria only but may be more easily administered to some dogs, especially those with small or narrow nasal passages. 
• Injectable — Aggressive dogs or dogs with behavior problems will most likely receive the injectable bordetella vaccine for protection against Bordetella bacteria. 

Ensure your dog is vaccinated well in advance of possible exposure such as boarding or grooming facilities and avoid bringing them to crowded or poorly ventilated areas where infections can easily be spread. 

Call our office if your dog has any Bordetella infection symptoms and your family veterinarian is unavailable. We recommend regular check-ups with your family veterinarian and keeping your dog’s vaccinations current to protect them from this potentially serious respiratory infection. #AECprevents

Sources: 

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951478

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/respiratory-system/respiratory-diseases-of-small-animals/tracheobronchitis-in-small-animals

The post Bordetella Basics: Keeping Your Dog Infection-Free  appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.