#1: What are pet essential nutrients? 

Your pet’s diet should be complete and balanced for their life stage to ensure they receive the necessary nutrients for proper body development and function. Some pets like young puppies or kittens may require more essential nutrients to support their growing bones. However, feeding your senior pet a puppy diet can be dangerous and result in an excess of nutrients like protein, which can cause metabolic or digestive problems. Your pet’s six essential nutrients are:

• Water —More than 60 percent of your pet’s body is water and it is vital to provide them with access to clean, fresh water. Pets who live in warmer climates or who are more active may require more water for proper hydration and body function. 
• Protein — Essential amino acids are the building blocks for protein and are a required component in your pet’s diet because their body is not able to make the necessary amounts. Protein is essential for cell growth, muscle repair and maintenance, and reproductive function. 
• Fat — Fat is a good source of energy and is essential for skin and coat health, vitamin absorption, and insulation. It is also a key component in the proper regulation of inflammatory responses. 
• Carbohydrates — Simple carbohydrates like glucose, and complex carbohydrates like fiber serve as a quick energy source and support intestinal tract health. 
• Vitamins — Your pet cannot make essential vitamins so vitamins must be provided as part of their diet to ensure proper chemical reactions in their tissues and cells. Vitamins A, C, and E are critical because of their antioxidant properties.
• Minerals — Minerals such as calcium and phosphorus are important for bone and cartilage formation and support many metabolic functions.  

#2: What do I look for on a pet food label? 

The Association of the American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) has established guidelines for pet food labels and balanced nutrition. Your pet’s food should be labeled complete and balanced which means it has either been through rigorous AAFCO feeding trials, or it contains all of the required nutrients needed to maintain their health. Pet foods that meet AAFCO standards will be labeled with the following:

• Product and brand name 
• Species 
• Quantity statement 
• Guaranteed analysis 
• Calorie content 
• Ingredients list 
• Nutritional adequacy statement 
• Feeding directions 
• Manufacturer name and contact information 

#3: How do I choose the right food for my pet? 

Your pet’s diet type, amount of food, and feeding frequency will change as they approach their grey muzzle years. While their nutritional needs will be variable, their diet should be specific for the following: 

• Life stage — Your pet’s diet should be formulated for their age or their life stage including lactation and gestation, growth stage, adult maintenance, and senior years. For example, senior pets may require more nutrients to support their bones and joints. 
• Climate —Pets who spend more time outdoors such as your exploring feline or canine exercise partner will need a more nutrient dense diet during colder months to ensure they have adequate insulation and can maintain their body weight. 
• Activity level —Your four-legged workout partner likely will require more calories than your couch-cuddling feline to ensure they have adequate energy and maintain a healthy body weight. 
• Medical condition — Food therapy is a common supplemental treatment and veterinary prescription diets are available to address a variety of medical concerns, including diabetes, kidney disease, and allergies. 

#4: How do I know how much to feed my pet? 

Your family veterinarian will evaluate your pet’s weight and nutritional needs during their preventive care examinations. AAFCO-approved diets will list calorie content per cup and daily recommended feeding instructions. Pet owners also can use this chart, which provides calorie range guidelines for your indoor pet. Pet obesity is an epidemic, and in 2018 the Association for Pet Obesity and Prevention reported that approximately 60 percent of cats and 56 percent of dogs were overweight or obese. Many pet owners use food and treats to show their pet affection, but too many treats can be dangerous and increase their risk for health problems such as arthritis and diabetes. Ensure that your pet’s treats do not make up more than 10 percent of their daily calorie intake.

#5: Should I feed my pet a grain-free or gluten-free diet?

The popularity of grain-free and gluten-free diets for humans has resulted in pet food companies creating similar products, and many pet owners wonder if their pets should be eating these limited ingredient diets. Gluten intolerance is rare in pets and feeding them a limited ingredient diet may result in a nutritional deficiency which can be harmful to overall organ and metabolic function. Recent research suggests that grain-free diets may be harmful to pets and may cause heart disease. 

If you have questions about your pet’s nutritional needs, please reach out to your family veterinarian. Call Animal Emergency Care if your pet gets into trouble after hours.#AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.petmd.com/dog/slideshows/nutrition-center/choosing-best-dog-food

https://www.aaha.org/aaha-guidelines/nutritional-assessment-configuration/nutritional-assessment-introduction

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/management-and-nutrition/nutrition-small-animals/dog-and-cat-foods

https://wsava.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Nutrition-Label-USA-16_9.pdf

https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/blog/top-five-pet-food-questions

https://todaysveterinarynurse.com/articles/fluid-calculations-keeping-a-balance

The post Bone Appetit: 5 Common Pet Nutrition Questions Answered appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

#1: Implement fire safety precautions to protect your pet when you aren’t home 

Life is slowly returning to normal following the COVID-19 pandemic, and many pet owners are returning to in-person work offices. Therefore, pets may be spending more time at home alone and ensuring safety measures are in place, should an unexpected home fire occur, is critical. Install monitored smoke and carbon monoxide detectors to ensure firefighters are immediately notified of a home fire emergency. Change the batteries at least twice yearly and regularly check that all monitors are functioning properly. Equip your home with several residential fire extinguishers so you can respond quickly if a fire occurs. Regularly inspect your extinguishers and ensure you take appropriate training on proper use and storage. Place a pet alert sticker in a visible location such as a front door or window that includes the number and type of pets and emergency contact numbers, including your family veterinarian. 

#2: Pet-proof your home to prevent them from starting a house fire 

Investigative paws are a common cause of accidental house fires. Many household items can lead to devastating accidents when pets become curious so pet-proof your home to decrease the chances of a fire. Never leave your pet unattended around any fire source and prevent your pet from accessing the following:

• Candles — Scented candles may be interesting to pets which may lead to burned paws or whiskers, or accidentally knocking a candle over. Consider using battery-operated flameless candles in areas that your pet can easily access. 
• Stovetops — Pets accidentally turning on stove knobs are a common cause of pet-generated fires. Consider removing stovetop knobs or using protective covers when not in use. 
• Electrical cords — Many pets mistake electrical cords for chew toys which can lead to a dangerous electrical fire and pet injury. Secure all wires and cords and train your pet to stay away from areas where cords are located.  
• Fireplaces — Ensure your pet cannot access a lit fireplace by blocking their entrance with a pet gate. 

#3: Include your pet in your home evacuation plan 

Preparing a home evacuation plan can ease decision-making stress and ensure you are ready to respond at a moment’s notice. Identify all your possible escape routes, practice your evacuation, and gauge how your pet will respond during an emergency. Many pets can sense danger and stress and coercing your pet to safety may be difficult. Ensure you know your pet’s favorite resting, hiding, and sleeping locations. Regularly practice placing your pet in their crate or carrier and use their favorite treat or toy so they associate the crate with a safe, positive space. This will decrease the chances of them running away when you bring out their crate during an emergency evacuation. Place spare leashes near exit areas to be easily accessible during a house fire. Additionally, ensure your home evacuation plan includes:

• Designated family member — Designate one or two family members to gather your pets during a home fire. This will ensure a quick response and help to decrease confusion during an emergency. 
• Outside meeting spot — Designate a safe outdoor meeting place for all family members to ensure every person and pet is safe. 
• Pet-friendly boarding options — Ensure you have a safe place for your pet if you are not able to return home immediately after a house fire. Many hotels do not allow pets so make a list of pet-friendly shelters, hotels, and boarding facilities near your home. 

#4: Assemble a pet emergency kit and learn basic pet first aid and CPR  

Assemble a pet emergency kit so you are always prepared for an evacuation that requires an extended time away from your home. Purchase watertight bins or boxes to ensure all supplies stay clean and dry, and include the following in your kit:

• A spare leash, harness, and collar
• A minimum five-day supply of food, water, and medications for each household pet
• Food and water dishes
• Elimination supplies including waste bags, litter, and disposable boxes
• A copy of your pet’s vaccination records and any significant medical history
• Your pet’s microchip number and registration information
• Your pet’s health insurance contact and policy number
• A list of your pet’s medications and dosing instructions
• Name and address of your family veterinarian and Animal Emergency Care
• A current photo of you with your pet, which is helpful to help prove ownership should your pet accidentally run away during a fire evacuation 

Consider registering for a pet first aid certification course that includes pet CPR training. Although pet first aid is never a substitute for veterinary care, it allows you to stabilize your pet prior to professional treatment, and may be life-saving.

#5: Financially prepare for your pet’s emergency veterinary care  

Pets who are involved in house fires are at risk for smoke inhalation injuries and burns. Bring your pet for a veterinary examination following any exposure to fire or smoke, whether or not they are showing obvious symptoms. Your pet may require hospitalization to receive treatments such as oxygen therapy, intravenous fluids, and pain medications. Emergency care following a house fire can result in a large veterinary bill. However, pet health insurance like Trupanion will ensure you can cover the costs for your pet’s emergency care. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other alternative payment options include:

• Care Credit 
• Scratch Pay 
• Pet health savings accounts 
• Short-term loans 

Immediately contact your family veterinarian if your pet has been involved in a house fire, or bring them to Animal Emergency Care if they need help after hours. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.aspca.org/news/fire-safety-and-your-pets-keeping-them-safe-unexpected

https://www.avma.org/javma-news/2018-02-15/when-fire-strikes-home

https://www.nfpa.org/-/media/Files/Public-Education/Resources/Safety-tip-sheets/PetSafetyTips.ashx

https://www.aspcapetinsurance.com/resources/5-steps-to-create-a-pet-fire-safety-plan

The post 5 Tips to Keep Your Pet Safe from a House Fire appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

#1: Teach your old dog (or cat) a new trick

Socialization and training are vital when pets are young and will ensure they have good manners and feel safe and comfortable in various situations. However, many pet owners stop at basic obedience training. Training your pet should be a lifelong endeavor and teaching a new trick or skill will exercise their brain and strengthen their cognitive abilities as they approach their grey muzzle years. Designate daily training sessions with your furry pal and teach them new tricks like high five or roll over. Pets, especially dogs, are natural people pleasers and will thrive from learning new skills with their favorite human companion. Do not forget to include your feline friend and also designate time to teach them a new skill such as high five or fetch. Provide ample praise and treats so they understand the desired behavior. You may also consider enrolling your pet in an obedience or agility class to learn advanced  skills.  

#2: Stay active with your pet 

Many pet owners show their pets love by sharing a bite of their dinner or giving them extra treats. However, too much of a good thing can be dangerous for your pet’s health. Extra furry dogs and fluffy felines can deceive their owners who often are unaware that their pets are actually overweight. In fact, the Centers for Disease Control report more than 50% of U.S. dogs and cats are overweight or obese. Staying active with your pet will not only ensure a healthy amount of exercise but also strengthen your bond.

Pets who maintain a healthy weight have an increased life span of more than two years. Try walking your canine pal for five minutes four to five times daily and gradually work up to 30 to 45 minutes of activity. Your feline friends can also be leash-trained but patience and walking slowly are vital for them to accept a leash. Encourage your cat to walk around the house behind a feather wand or give them their favorite treat each time they follow you. Benefits to incorporating daily activity with your pet include: 

• Increased ability to maintain a healthy weight 
• Improved cardiovascular function 
• Improved muscle tone
• Improved digestion
• Decreased incidence of arthritis
• Increased joint mobility

#3: Schedule daily playtime with your pet 

Daily play sessions with your furry pal will improve and strengthen your bond and provide reinforcement to your pet that time with you is enjoyable and fun. A consistent daily play routine will improve your pet’s emotional well-being and prevent accidents or inappropriate behavior because of boredom. Ensure you use a variety of activities to exercise your pet’s body, burn calories, and stimulate their brain including:

• Playing a game of hide and seek and providing your pet with ample treats when they find you or the hidden toy
• Playing fetch with a variety of toys or balls 
• Playing a game of tug-o-war with a rope or other soft toy 
• Playing a game of cat and mouse with a feather wand or toy mouse to encourage your cat’s natural stalking behavior

#4: Provide your pet with regular wellness care  

Regular wellness and preventive care will ensure your pet remains healthy and by your side for as long as possible. The human-animal bond has increased the demand for advances in veterinary care, and animals now are living longer healthier lives. Your pet may not always enjoy being vaccinated, and they may be scared during a veterinary examination. However, speaking calmly to your pet before, during, and after their examination will provide reassurance and comfort. Consider purchasing pet health insurance like Trupanion so you are prepared for any costly veterinary care for an unexpected accident or illness. 

#5: Schedule home grooming sessions for your pet  

Regular brushing or bathing is the perfect way to spend quality time and bond with your pet. You should always consult your veterinarian before choosing a shampoo and establishing a bathing routine. Cats rarely need bathing because regular baths may disrupt their natural oils and can potentially dry out their skin. Brushing your dog or cat daily will prevent matted fur and is the perfect way to gently check your pet for any lumps, bumps, or skin abnormalities. Home grooming sessions will also help ensure your pet is more comfortable during their veterinary visits. Ensure you gently handle your pet’s ears, paws, and tail during home grooming sessions to acclimate them for the handling they will receive during a veterinary examination. 

Our Animal Emergency Care team understands the special bond you have with your pet. Call your family veterinarian to ensure your pet receives regular wellness care or contact us if they get into trouble after hours. 

The post 5 Ways to Strengthen the Bond with Your Pet appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is exercise intolerance in pets?

Your pet may have difficulty with an exercise routine if they consider couch cuddles and walking to their food bowl as daily exercise and likely cannot go on a long hike. However, pets who regularly exercise and suddenly have less energy or reduced ability may be experiencing exercise intolerance or fatigue. Exercise intolerance may be a result of excessive physical activity for prolonged periods. Additionally, several underlying medical conditions can cause exercise intolerance in pets, including:

• Heart disease
• Respiratory disorders (e.g. bronchitis, pneumonia)
• Anemia 
• Low blood sugar
• Thyroid disease
• Bacterial or viral infection
• Adrenal gland disease
• Arthritis
• Spinal cord disease
• Immune system disorders
• Genetic disorder
• Heat exhaustion

Exercise intolerance signs in pets

Exercise intolerance signs vary and will depend on the underlying cause. However, if your pet regularly runs, hikes, or participates in other activities but suddenly finds them difficult or is reluctant to exercise they may have exercise intolerance. Other signs may include:

• Collapse after exercise
• Increased salivation after exercise 
• Sudden weakness during activity
• Reluctance to participate in play
• Excessive panting or heavy breathing during exercise
• Depression
• Lethargy
• Uncoordinated gait during or after exercise 
• Fever after exercise  

Exercise intolerance diagnosis and treatment for pets

Your pet needs veterinary care if they are showing exercise intolerance signs. Your family veterinarian will discuss your pet’s activity history and perform a nose-to-tail physical examination. They may also recommend blood tests to check your pet’s overall organ function, and for the presence of infection. Other diagnostic tests may include:

• X-rays to check your pet’s heart shape and size, and their lungs
• Electrocardiogram (EKG) to evaluate your pet’s heart rhythm and rate
• Ultrasound to examine your pet’s heart, lungs, and other organs 
• Specialized blood tests for genetic disorders

Treatment is based on the underlying cause of your pet’s exercise intolerance, and may include:

• Intravenous (IV) fluids 
• Antibiotics if an infection is present
• Heart medications
• Pain medication

Payment options for exercise intolerance treatments in pets

Pets undergoing diagnostics and treatment for exercise intolerance may require an extended hospital stay and several follow-up appointments to ensure the underlying illness is properly treated. This long-term care can result in a large veterinary bill but fortunately multiple payment options are available to cover costs of treatment and ongoing medical care. A pet health insurance plan like Trupanion will ensure funds are available for your pet’s exercise intolerance diagnosis and treatment. Trupanion will pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other payment options include:

• CareCredit — Care Credit offers specialized credit cards that can help delay interest payments.
• Scratch Pay — This service provides fast, flexible payment options with variable interest rates depending on an individual’s credit. 
• Pet health savings account — Many financial institutions offer incentives for pet health savings accounts which ensure you have funds budgeted for your pet’s medical care.
• Short-term loans — These loans often have high interest rates but can be used as a last resort.

Exercise intolerance prevention in pets

Exercise intolerance often signals an underlying illness, and therefore is not always preventable. However, never force your pet to participate in any exercise routine. A visit to your family veterinarian is recommended before starting any regular exercise, hiking, or running routine. Annual or more frequent veterinary checkups are important to ensure they are not affected by any underlying medical problems. Ensure you introduce any exercise routine or activity slowly to properly acclimate your pet, and never exercise or hike with your pet on hot days. 

Contact your family veterinarian if your pet is experiencing exercise intolerance signs or bring them to Animal Emergency Care if they need help after hours. #AECprevents

The post Let’s Get Physical: Exercise Intolerance in Pets appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is fireworks trauma in pets?

Dogs can hear more than twice as many frequencies and can hear sounds four times further away compared within humans. That the booming sounds of fireworks elicit a fear or anxiety response in pets is no surprise. Like people, a pet’s genetic makeup and their life experiences contribute to their response to certain noises and the way they deal with fear and anxiety. For example, pets with a history of abuse or neglect are likely more easily spooked. Noise aversion typically worsens over time and pets who do not receive treatment will become increasingly stressed rather than learning to ignore non-threatening sounds like fireworks or thunderstorms. Dogs are most at risk for noise aversion reactions although cats may also respond to specific noises with anxiety. Noise aversion is defined as an anxious or fearful response to a specific noise and fireworks are one of the most common triggers. Pets with noise aversions may respond by hiding and many pets may become confused about the direction of the sounds and react by looking for an escape route. Their fight-or-flight response puts them at risk for becoming lost or being injured when they jump through windows or run into the street in front of moving cars. 

Fireworks trauma signs in pets

Fireworks trauma signs are variable and may mimic signs of other underlying medical problems. Traumatic injuries such as broken bones after being hit by a car or soft tissue wounds from jumping through a closed window may also occur. Fireworks anxiety signs may include:

• Pacing
• Trembling
• Panting
• Drooling 
• Yawning
• Inappropriate urination or defecation
• Holding their tail between the legs
• Increased water consumption
• Vocalizing
• Pawing or climbing on people
• Nuzzling 
• Hiding behind furniture or in a closet
• Unpredictable, sudden, or destructive behaviors such as escaping or jumping through glass windows or doors

Fireworks trauma diagnosis and treatment in pets  

Bring your pet for immediate veterinary care if they are injured as a result of their fireworks noise aversion. Pets who show anxiety signs should also receive a veterinary examination since signs may mimic other underlying medical problems. Your veterinarian may recommend a complete blood count and a serum biochemistry test to check for overall organ health. Pets who have a traumatic injury may require an X-ray to look for broken bones or other injuries as well as treatments to address any pain or shock.  

Once underlying medical problems have been ruled out your veterinarian will discuss methods to prevent firework anxiety or other noise aversion problems. Treatments may include:

• Pheromone sprays such as Adaptil or Feliway to promote a sense of well-being
• Calming supplements or diets
• Short-term sedatives 
• Medications to increase their serotonin levels—although similar to human prescription medications, never give your pet any medication unless prescribed by your veterinarian
• Referral to a veterinary behaviorist or a training program that includes desensitization and counterconditioning
• Anxiety vest or thundershirt which provides gentle pressure around your pet’s torso to help decrease stress

Financial options for pets undergoing fireworks trauma treatment

Pets who are injured as a response to their fireworks anxiety may require an extended hospital stay, especially if they are hit by a car or suffer other traumatic injuries. Pets who have a noise aversion may require several veterinary checkups to adjust medications or treatment protocols. Therefore treating a noise averse pet can lead to a large veterinary bill, but a pet health insurance plan like Trupanion will ensure funds are available for such emergency treatments and long-term care. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other financial options available to cover treatment costs include Care Credit, Scratch Pay, pet health savings accounts, and short-term loans. 

Firework trauma prevention in pets  

Discuss options with your veterinarian in the months or weeks before Independence Day if your pet has a noise aversion history. Ensure that your pet’s microchip is functioning and the registration has up-to-date contact information should your pet go missing. Other prevention tips include:

• Schedule your pet’s meal and bathroom breaks so they are not during peak fireworks times.
• Don’t bring an anxious pet to a fireworks celebration.
• Always have your pet on a leash, including in your fenced-in backyard, if bathroom breaks are needed after dark.
• Designate a quiet safe space such as a crate or back of a closet as your pet’s retreat during fireworks displays. 
• Provide your pet their favorite toy and treats during the fireworks to encourage a positive association with the noise. 

Diagnosing and treating noise aversion in pets requires patience and time to desensitize them and address their anxiety. Bring your pet to your family veterinarian to discuss options for treating their noise aversion. Immediately bring your pet to Animal Emergency Care if they are injured as a result of their anxiety, if it is after hours, or call your family veterinarian. #AECprevents 

Sources:
https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4952947

https://fearfreepets.com/noise-aversion-in-dogs/

https://www.petmd.com/dog/8-tips-helping-dogs-thats-scared-fireworks

The post Silence Is Golden: Understanding Fireworks Trauma in Pets  appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is slug bait toxicity in pets? 

Most commercial slug and snail baits available at garden shop supply stores contain the chemical metaldehyde which is extremely toxic to dogs, cats, and wildlife, although the toxicity mechanism is not fully understood. Many baits also contain other insecticides which can increase the potency and toxicity to pets. Snail and slug baits are typically formulated as pellets, granules, powders, and liquids, and contain either molasses or bran to attract garden pests. Many pets, especially dogs, are attracted by the sweet flavoring and mistake these pellets for kibble. Pets who walk through gardens containing the bait in liquid or powder form are also at risk for toxin ingestion if they groom or lick their powder-covered paws. Less than a teaspoon of bait that contains metaldehyde can be toxic to pets and may be fatal without treatment.   

Slug bait toxicity signs in pets

Slug bait toxicity signs can occur between 30 minutes and three hours after ingestion. Pets are at risk for liver failure two to three days following exposure. Toxicity signs depend on the amount ingested and may include:

• Anxious behavior
• Muscle tremors or twitches
• Fever
• Hypersensitivity when touched
• Vomiting and diarrhea
• Increased respiratory rate
• Difficulty breathing or respiratory failure
• Uncoordinated walk
• Seizures
• Rigidity
• Collapse

Slug bait toxicity diagnosis and treatment in pets

Your pet needs immediate veterinary care if they have slug bait toxicity signs to have the best chance of recovery. Diagnosis is based on their history of slug bait ingestion and clinical signs. Your veterinarian may recommend testing stomach contents or urine for metaldehyde. Additional diagnostic tests may include a complete blood count and serum biochemistry test to check overall organ function, and rule out any underlying medical problems or infections. No specific antidote is available for metaldehyde poisoning. Treatment may include:

• Inducing vomiting
• Monitoring heart rate and blood pressure
• Monitoring body temperature 
• Gastric lavage to remove remaining slug bait
• Activated charcoal for toxin absorption
• Intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
• Muscle relaxants
• Anti-seizure medication
• Liver protecting medications

Pets who are treated immediately for slug bait toxicity will usually recover. However, pets who do not receive immediate treatment or who have ingested large amounts of metaldehyde that has affected their liver and neurologic function have a low survival chance.

Financial planning for treatment of slug bait toxicity in pets

Pets undergoing slug bait toxicity treatment often require an extended hospital stay and several checkups, which can be expensive. Pet health insurance like Trupanion will ensure you can cover the costs for your pet’s emergency care for an accidental poisoning. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Additional alternative payment options include Care Credit, Scratch Pay, pet health savings accounts, and short-term loans. 

Slug bait toxicity prevention in pets

Ensure that all slug bait and insecticides are stored out of paws’ reach. Many poisonings occur when pets ingest pellets with their enticing flavor that are stored in the home. Fence off backyard gardens treated with any metaldehyde-containing baits. Alternative pet-safe methods for garden pest prevention include:

• Placing lava rock or shells around plants to deter slugs
• Placing copper bands around plants
• Planting lavender, mint, or rosemary herbs 
• Using safer slug bait that contains iron-phosphate instead of metaldehyde

If you suspect your pet has ingested slug bait or if they are showing slug bait toxicity signs immediately bring them to Animal Emergency Care or call your family veterinarian. #AECprevents

Sources: 

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951893

https://veterinary-practice.com/article/metaldehyde-poisoning-in-the-dog

https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/metaldehyde/

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/toxicology/metaldehyde-poisoning/overview-of-metaldehyde-poisoning

The post Pet Poison Prevention: Understanding Slug Bait Toxicity in Pets appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is alcohol toxicity in pets? 

Alcohol toxicity is a common pet poisoning that can occur from ingestion, skin absorption, or inhalation of alcohol or alcohol-containing products. Dogs and cats of any sex or age are at risk however kittens and puppies have an increased risk because of their small size and undeveloped organ systems. Alcohol poisoning primarily affects a pet’s gastrointestinal (GI) system, respiratory system, central nervous system, and heart. Other organ systems including the liver and kidneys also may be affected. Pets who have severe poisoning are at risk for death. The most common sources of pet alcohol poisoning include: 

• Ethanol — Common sources of ethanol include alcoholic drinks, desserts flavored with alcohol, fermented fruits, unbaked yeast dough, some liquid medications, and mouth washes. 
• Methanol — The most common sources of methanol include windshield fluids, some gasoline additives, and some paint solvents. 
• Isopropanol — This alcohol has twice the potency of ethanol or methanol. Common sources include 70 percent rubbing alcohol, hand sanitizer, glass cleaners, perfumes or colognes, detergents, antifreeze, and some grooming products or flea sprays. 

Alcohol toxicity signs in pets

Signs of alcohol toxicity vary in severity and are dependent on the type of alcohol ingested, the amount, and the pet’s size. It may take some time for signs of toxicity to appear depending on whether a pet has eaten recently or not. Alcohol toxicity signs may include:

• Staggering 
• Lack of coordination
• Excitement
• Excess drooling
• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Increased thirst and frequency of urination 
• Depression
• Lethargy
• Difficulty breathing
• Low body temperature
• Abnormal heart rhythm
• Seizures
• Coma 

Alcohol toxicity diagnosis and treatment in pets

You must bring your pet in for immediate veterinary care if you observe them ingesting or being exposed to alcohol because some pets will not show immediate signs of poisoning. An alcohol toxicity diagnosis is based on a pet’s history of ingestion or contact with alcohol and clinical signs. Your veterinarian may induce your pet to vomit if the ingestion has occurred recently, but you should never induce vomiting unless directed to do so by a veterinarian. Alcohol can lead to dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities, liver and kidney problems, and low blood sugar. Your veterinarian may recommend blood work to monitor your pet’s overall organ health. Poisoned pets likely will require an extended hospital stay for emergency care, treatment, and continued observation which may include: 

• Heart rate and blood pressure monitoring
• Body temperature monitoring and regulation with specialized warming pads
• Oxygen therapy
• Intravenous (IV) fluids to prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
• IV dextrose for low blood sugar
• Liver-protecting medications
• Anti-nausea medication
• Gastroprotectant medication
• Anti-seizure medication

Financial planning for treatment of alcohol toxicity in pets

Pets being treated for severe alcohol toxicity often require an extended hospital stay and several checkups which can result in a large veterinary bill. Pet health insurance like Trupanion will ensure you can cover the costs of your pet’s emergency care for an accidental poisoning. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other available payment options include:

• Care Credit
• Scratch Pay
• Pet health savings accounts
• Short-term loans

Alcohol toxicity prevention in pets

Keeping any alcoholic beverages or products containing alcohol out of your pet’s reach is the best way to prevent them from being accidentally poisoned. Never feed your pet any desserts or drinks that contain alcohol because even a small amount can be dangerous. Other prevention tips include:

• Keeping your pet out of the kitchen when handling raw yeast dough
• Placing a pet-proof lid on all garbage cans to prevent contact or ingestion of alcohol-containing products 
• Storing all household products with alcohol in a pet-proof location
• Quickly cleaning up any spilled alcoholic drinks or products
• Consulting with your veterinarian before spraying any alcohol-based grooming or flea products on your pet 

If you suspect your pet has ingested alcohol or if they are showing alcohol toxicity signs immediately bring them to Animal Emergency Care if it is after hours, or call your family veterinarian. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/alcohol

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4952310

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/toxicology/household-hazards/alcohols

The post Pet Poison Prevention: Understanding Alcohol Toxicity in Pets appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

#1: Use caution with holiday decor around pets 

Festive decor, Christmas trees, dangling ornaments, and candles can transform your home into a magical but potentially dangerous winter wonderland. Take precautions when adorning your home with the following:

• Christmas trees — Many pets will want to investigate the new smells and tree branches so ensure they can’t tip the tree over and possibly injure themselves by securing it to a ceiling or doorway with fishing line. In addition, never use water additives in the tree stand. Pets can mistake tree water for their personal water dish, and drinking additive-laden water can lead to vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration.
• Ornaments — Place all fragile ornaments such as glass balls and food-based decorations high on the tree to prevent mischievous pets from injuring their paws on broken ornaments or ingesting dangerous ingredients. 
• Tinsel —Tinsel and ribbon are common culprits in many feline holiday emergencies, leading to intestinal blockages that often require surgical removal. Ensure you place all tinsel and decorative ribbons out of paw’s reach. 
• Candles and potpourri — Place lighted candles far out of reach of swatting paws or wagging tails to prevent burned fur or house fires. Avoid using scented candles or potpourri that contains essential oils because they can be toxic to pets, especially the oils described here.

#2: Keep pets out of the kitchen and away from the dinner table 

Many holiday celebrations revolve around large savory meals and endless sweet treats. The kitchen is a popular gathering place during family festivities and the delicious aromas are difficult for pets—and most humans—to resist. However, kitchen chaos can lead to counter-surfing and dumpster-diving pets eager to sample the day’s bounty. Many holiday ingredients and dishes are toxic or difficult for pets to digest. Sharing your plate with your pet can lead to gastrointestinal (GI) distress and inflammation including pancreatitis which is a potentially deadly inflammatory condition that can cause vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and dehydration. Additionally, never share leftover bones with your pet as they can cause dangerous GI blockages which may require emergency surgery. Also ensure you put a pet-proof lid on all garbage cans within your pet’s reach and frequently remove all garbage and food scraps from the home.

#3: Avoid pet-toxic holiday plants and flowers

Floral centerpieces and seasonal plants are popular holiday gifts; however, ensure you do not bring any pet-toxic plants into your home. Many plants and especially lilies are severely toxic to cats. Eating only a small amount of any part of the plant, including the pollen and leaves, can cause drooling, vomiting, and decreased appetite, and can lead to kidney failure. While the popular poinsettia is no longer considered toxic unless large amounts are consumed, the sap in poinsettia leaves is irritating to your pet’s mouth and throat and eating the leaves likely will cause your pet to become nauseated and vomit. Always check the ASPCA toxic plant list before adorning your table or home with floral or plant centerpieces, and keep these other popular holiday plants out of pet’s reach:

• Mistletoe
• Balsam
• Amaryllis
• Pine
• Cedar
• Holly
• Christmas cactus 

#4: Keep wires, batteries, and small toys out of paw’s reach

The numerous cords and wires required for your twinkling lights, electric candles, and other holiday decorations can be dangerous to curious pets who may mistake them for new chew toys. Keep all cords and wires out of paw’s reach because chewing or swallowing them can lead to serious injury including oral burns, electric shock, or GI distress or blockages. 

Ensure your pet does not have access to any batteries because most contain zinc which is toxic if ingested. It also can cause GI distress, anemia, seizures, and death in some cases. Keep a watchful eye as well on any small children’s toys since your pet could mistake them for new pet toys and swallow them which could cause intestinal damage or a blockage that requires surgical removal. 

#5: Prepare for unexpected pet emergencies  

It is not uncommon for Christmas cats and “Holidogs” to let their mischievous nature get the better of them despite your best efforts to keep them out of holiday trouble. Ensure you have the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center number, your family veterinarian’s contact information, and our Animal Emergency Care number and address easily accessible in the event of an accidental toxin ingestion or injury. Common pet holiday emergencies may require an extended hospital stay which can result in a larger veterinary bill. Consider purchasing a pet health insurance plan like Trupanion to ensure funds are available to cover emergency treatment costs. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for your reimbursement. Other pet emergency payment options include pet health savings accounts, Care Credit, Scratch Pay, and short-term loans.

Call your family veterinarian right away if your pet gets into any holiday trouble. If you need help after hours, Animal Emergency Care is open 24 hours a day. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/petcare/holiday-pet-safety

https://www.petmd.com/dog/seasonal/evr_multi_dangerous_winter_holiday_plants

https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/general-pet-care/holiday-safety-tips

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/toxicology/zinc-toxicosis/overview-of-zinc-toxicosis

The post Happy Pawlidays: 5 Holiday Safety Tips for Your Pet appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

#1: DIY pet gifts 

Crafty pet owners or home chefs can put their skills to the test and make a variety of pet-safe holiday treats. The kitchen is often the center of action during the celebrations and family gatherings, and many drooling pets are eager to participate or serve as the cleanup crew. However many holiday foods are dangerous to pets and can lead to gastrointestinal problems or an unexpected veterinary visit. During marathon (human food) cooking sessions it is critical to ensure nosy paws are away from the kitchen. Designating cooking time for pet-safe treats is a great way to include your pets in the food festivities. Try making pet-safe treats by baking your pet’s canned food in cute holiday shapes.

Some finicky feline friends can be the most challenging family members to please with the right gift. Many cat owners have spent countless dollars on the latest and greatest cat toys only to have their furry pal’s whiskered nose turn away. Instead of spending additional money on toys try saving the numerous cardboard boxes you may be accumulating this season and use them to create the purrfect cat hideaway or playhouse by decorating them with some festive colors or paper. And don’t forget to include a paper or aluminum foil ball for your cat’s batting pleasure in their new winter wonderland hiding spot. 

#2: The pet gift that keeps on giving 

Many pet owners know the challenge of searching for the perfect toy that can stand the test of time—or drool. Pets often show their love for a toy by destroying, scratching, or tearing it up within days or minutes in some cases. It is also not uncommon for pets to become bored with certain toys especially if they do not have a variety available. Fortunately pet gift subscription boxes are available to surprise your pet with new toys and treats throughout the year. Companies like Barkbox and KitNipBox send your pet a new set of themed toys and treats each month. Gift boxes are also a great option to send to a pet-owning friend or rescue group. Pets who are bored may act out so providing them with a variety of toys year-round is a great tool to keep their mind and body active. 

#3: Pet insurance for the unexpected veterinary visit

Accidents or pet emergencies can occur at any time. Common holiday emergencies including gastrointestinal blockages, pancreatitis, or toxic food ingestion may require an extended hospital stay which can result in a larger veterinary bill. Purchasing a pet health insurance plan like Trupanion when your pet is young will ensure funds are available for your pet’s emergency care. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. 

#4: Lights, camera, pet treats 

As post-COVID life slowly returns to normal, many pets and pet owners are learning to adjust to life without each other 24/7.  For many pets, the change has caused post-pandemic separation anxiety which can lead to them acting out by house soiling or vocalizing when you leave the home. Bring your pet in to your family veterinarian if you have noticed any behavior changes because some signs like depression can indicate a medical problem. One way to ease separation stress for you and your pet is with the gift of a Furbo camera and treat dispenser. Furbo allows you to see and talk to your pet when you are not home. Your pet also will appreciate the treat-dispensing feature. Other Furbo benefits include:

• A bark detector
• Video recorder, which is especially useful to show your veterinarian any abnormal behaviors
• Night vision

#5: Cozy pets are happy pets 

The dropping temperatures can make daily walks or outdoor activities unpleasant and potentially dangerous for pets. Although your pet has a natural fur coat they are still at risk of developing hypothermia from prolonged exposure to the cold. Ensure your pet is protected this winter by buying them some proper winter gear. Products such as Musher’s secret and dog boots will help prevent cracked and injured paws caused by icy sidewalks. A properly fitting winter sweater or jacket will help keep your pet’s core body warm on chilly outings, and the numerous selections will ensure they are equally stylish.  

If your pet considers a trip to their food bowl a workout or if they prefer cuddling to outdoor adventures, then consider gifting them with a cozy fleece blanket or a pet-safe heated bed for those extra chilly winter days.  

Happy Pawlidays from our Animal Emergency Care team. If your pet gets into any holiday trouble after hours contact our office and bring them in for treatment. #AECprevents

The post Happy Pawlidays: Five Pet-Safe Gift Ideas appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is feline lower urinary tract disease in cats? 

FLUTD is a complex disease syndrome that encompasses a variety of conditions that can affect a cat’s lower urinary tract which includes the bladder, urethra, and urinary opening. FLUTD previously had several different names including feline urologic syndrome, feline urinary syndrome, feline interstitial cystitis, and Pandora syndrome. Cats of any age can be affected by FLUTD; however, middle-aged, overweight, indoor felines have an increased risk for developing this disease. Other risk factors include:

• Multi-cat households
• Sudden changes in routine
• Environmental stress, such as new people or noises
• Not drinking water regularly 
• Lack of exercise 
• Not enough varied enrichment toys
• Lack of a private area to retreat to

FLUTD may include one or more of the following medical problems:

• Urinary tract infection — Bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites can infect your cat’s urinary tract and cause an increased urgency to urinate.
• Urinary stones (uroliths) — A collection of minerals in the urinary tract may lead to urethral or bladder stones. Calcium oxalate and struvite uroliths are the most common.
• Urethral obstruction — Uroliths can cause a partial or full blockage of the urethra, which is considered a life-threatening emergency. Male cats are most at risk. 
• Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) — FIC is the most commonly diagnosed condition in FLUTD cats younger than 10. This disease is not fully understood and may affect other organ systems. 

Feline lower urinary tract disease signs in cats 

FLUTD signs are similar in affected cats, but their severity will vary depending on the underlying cause. Signs may include:

• Difficulty urinating
• Frequent trips to the litter box
• Urinating small amounts
• Vocalizing in pain during urination attempts
• Bloody urine
• Urinating in unusual places
• Excessive licking of the genital area
• Lack of urine production during trips to the litter box which should be treated as a medical emergency

Feline lower urinary tract disease diagnosis and treatment in cats 

Bring your pet in for immediate veterinary care if they have FLUTD signs because cats who have a urinary obstruction are at risk for death. Diagnosing FLUTD can be challenging since multiple underlying conditions may lead to this disease. Ensure you tell your veterinarian about any environmental changes that may be contributing to your cat’s FLUTD. Diagnostic testing may include a complete blood count and serum biochemistry test to check for systemic inflammation, overall organ function, and any underlying medical problems. Your cat’s urine will be evaluated with a urinalysis to check for the presence of blood and urinary crystals, and their overall urine health. A urine culture may be recommended to check for infective organisms. Other diagnostics may include advanced imaging, such as an ultrasound or X-ray to check for the presence of uroliths or other bladder problems. Cats with severe signs including a urinary obstruction or urinary stones will need to be hospitalized for stabilization and treatment which may include:

• Sedation or general anesthesia to remove a urinary blockage and place a urinary catheter
• Surgery to remove bladder stones
• Blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature monitoring 
• Intravenous fluids for dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and flushing out toxins
• Medication for urethral spasms
• Pain medication
• Antibiotics
• Behavioral or calming medications
• Specialized diet

Financial options for your cat’s feline lower urinary tract disease

Pets undergoing FLUTD treatment may require an extended hospital stay, several checkups, and long-term medical management which can be expensive. However, purchasing a pet health insurance plan like Trupanion when your pet is young will ensure funds are available for their emergency care. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly, which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other financial options available to cover treatment costs include: 

• Care Credit 
• Scratch Pay 
• Pet health savings accounts 
• Short-term loans 

Feline lower urinary tract disease prevention in cats

FLUTD is not always preventable because the underlying cause may not be identified in some cases.  Ensure your cat’s environment is low-stress, and provide them with adequate toys and enrichment tools, such as those described here. Other prevention tips include:

• Providing clean, fresh water daily
• Ensuring an adequate number of litter boxes—one box per household cat, plus one additional box 
• Cleaning your cat’s litter box a minimum of twice daily
• Avoiding sudden changes in your cat’s environment and routine
• Decreasing stress with a cat pheromone spray, such as Feliway
• Consulting your family veterinarian about the best nutritional options for your cat

Call your family veterinarian right away if your pet has FLUTD signs. If you need help after hours, contact Animal Emergency Care and bring your pet in for treatment. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.avma.org/resources/pet-owners/petcare/feline-lower-urinary-tract-disease

https://fearfreepets.com/managing-flutd

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951487

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951488

https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/feline-lower-urinary-tract-disease

The post A Complex Cat Condition: Understanding Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.