What is flea and tick preventive toxicity in cats? 

Flea and tick prevention medication is a vital component of your pet’s health and prevents uncomfortable itching, skin infections, and infectious disease. However, pyrethrin and pyrethroid-containing insecticides which are used in many commercially available OTC preventives are the culprit for many cat emergencies. Pyrethrins are naturally occurring ingredients derived from chrysanthemum plants and other pyrethrum-related plant species. This ingredient is also used in many gardens to prevent insects from destroying plants and flowers. Pyrethroids are synthetically made insecticides that have a longer-lasting effect. Pyrethrin-containing flea and tick prevention products may be safely used in dogs, but cats metabolize medications differently than dogs and they lack the required enzymes to safely break down pyrethrins. The most common cause of flea and tick preventive toxicity in cats occurs when dog-specific flea preventives are accidentally given to a cat. Additionally, cats who lick or groom excessively after receiving spot-on prevention, or cats who groom a dog who has topical flea medication on their fur, have an increased risk for toxicity. Young kittens, senior cats, cats with underlying health issues, and cats with hypothermia also have an increased risk for flea and tick preventive toxicity. Pyrethrin and pyrethroid toxicity affects your cat’s nervous system, and can be deadly without treatment. 

Flea and tick preventive toxicity signs in cats 

Toxicity signs can occur immediately or more than 12 hours after exposure. Signs are variable and depend on the cat’s age and weight, and the type and amount of toxin exposure, and may include:

• Ear twitching
• Paw flicking
• Muscle tremors
• Incoordination 
• Fever
• Hypersalivation
• Vomiting and diarrhea
• Hives
• Respiratory distress
• Depression
• Lethargy
• Seizures

Flea and tick preventive toxicity diagnosis and treatment in cats

Your pet needs immediate veterinary care if they have flea and tick preventive toxicity signs. Diagnosis is based on their history of flea and tick preventive exposure and clinical signs. Additional diagnostic tests may include a complete blood count and serum biochemistry test to check overall organ function and rule out any underlying medical problems. Pets with severe signs who receive immediate veterinary care will usually recover. Treatment may include:

• A warm water bath with liquid dish soap to remove remaining residue
• Monitoring their heart rate and blood pressure
• Monitoring and regulating body temperature
• Intravenous fluids
• Antihistamine medications if hives are present
• Anti-nausea medications 
• Gastrointestinal protectant medications
• Muscle relaxants
• Anti-seizure medication

Financial planning for treatment of flea and tick preventive toxicity in cats

Cats who are experiencing flea and tick preventive toxicity may require hospitalization for several days, which can result in a large veterinary bill. Fortunately, multiple payment options are available to ensure you can cover the cost of your pet’s emergency care for an accidental poisoning. Care Credit and Scratch Pay allow you to spread payments over longer periods with delayed interest rates in some cases. Additionally, pet health insurance providers like Trupanion offer policies that can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Pet health savings accounts and short-term loans can also be used to pay for your cat’s emergency veterinary care. 

Flea and tick preventive toxicity prevention in cats

Many accidental cat poisonings occur from giving a cat a dog-specific preventive. Ensure you read all directions carefully before giving your cat any medications and never apply any dog products on your cat. Other prevention tips include:

• Consult your family veterinarian on the safest flea and tick prevention method for your cat.
• Keep household animals separated after applying any spot-on flea medication so the treatment can absorb and dry on their fur.
• Prevent your cat from accessing any yard that has been treated with an insecticide.
• Ensure you give your cat the correct amount of flea and tick preventive according to their weight and age because some products cannot be given to young, small pets.

If your cat is showing flea and tick preventive toxicity signs, immediately bring them to Animal Emergency Care if it is after hours, or call your family veterinarian. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/neurological/c_ct_pyrethrin_pyrethroid_toxicity

https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/blog/common-flea-tick-toxicity-questions-answers

https://icatcare.org/advice/permethrin-poisoning

The post Pet Poison Prevention: Understanding Flea and Tick Preventive Toxicity in Cats appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is smoke inhalation in pets?

Smoke inhalation injury can occur following exposure to smoke in small or large quantities. Fires produce a variety of toxins that can affect your pet’s respiratory tract and overall well-being. Pets who are exposed to a fire are at risk for skin burns, in addition to the following:

• Carbon monoxide — This colorless, odorless gas is produced during a fire and affects the body’s ability to properly deliver oxygen to the tissues. Some home appliances including clothes dryers, water heaters, and gas stoves, can produce carbon monoxide. 

• Hydrogen cyanide — This chemical may be released during a fire as a result of burning plastic, cotton, wool, or other synthetic materials. Like carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide also prevents the body from delivering required oxygen to tissues. 
• Thermal injury — Heat that is associated with smoke and fire exposure can cause burns on the face and through the respiratory tract which can lead to severe inflammation. 
• Chemical irritants — Pets are at risk for exposure to a variety of chemical irritants which will depend on the type of substance burning. Chemical burns can lead to severe lung and airway damage. 

Smoke inhalation signs in pets

Clinical smoke inhalation signs are variable, and depend on the amount of smoke exposure, type of associated chemicals, and duration of exposure. Smaller pets and pets who have underlying respiratory problems are most at risk for smoke inhalation complications or increased sign severity. Clinical signs may not be immediately obvious and can occur more than 24 to 36 hours following exposure. Smoke inhalation signs may include:

• Difficulty breathing
• Increased respiratory rate
• Coughing
• Wheezing
• Eye redness
• Eye squinting
• Changes in barking or meowing sounds 
• Facial swelling and burns
• Blisters over the mouth
• Excess salivation
• Vomiting
• Depression
• Lethargy
• Uncoordinated gait
• Seizures
• Coma

Smoke inhalation diagnosis and treatment in pets

Immediately bring your pet for a veterinary examination if they have been exposed to smoke or if they have any smoke inhalation signs. Your veterinarian may recommend a complete blood count and serum biochemistry test to rule out any concurrent medical problems. Advanced imaging such as an X-ray, ultrasound, or computed tomography (CT) scan may be recommended to check for airway injury and overall respiratory tract function. Repeat imaging may be required because of delayed onset of respiratory injury signs. Smoke inhalation monitoring and treatment may include:

• Electrocardiogram for heart rate monitoring
• Pulse oximetry to monitor oxygen levels
• Respiratory observation and monitoring
• Regular temperature monitoring 
• Oxygen therapy
• Intravenous fluids
• Antibiotic medications
• Pain medications
• Bronchodilator medications to improve your pet’s ability to breath properly
• Breathing tube placement  

Financial options for your pet’s smoke inhalation treatment  

Smoke inhalation treatment may require hospitalization for your pet for several days as well as numerous progress checks. Such long-term care can result in a large veterinary bill. Fortunately, multiple payment options are available to ensure you can cover the cost of your pet’s smoke inhalation emergency care. Care Credit and Scratch Pay allow you to spread payments over longer periods with delayed interest rates in some cases. Additionally, pet health insurance providers like Trupanion offer policies that can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Pet health savings accounts and short-term loans are also available to ensure your pet’s veterinary treatment costs are covered. 

Smoke inhalation prevention in pets 

Equip your home with monitored smoke and carbon monoxide detectors to ensure a quick response following a fire or chemical exposure. Regularly check that your detectors are properly functioning and change the batteries twice yearly or more frequently. Other smoke inhalation prevention tips include:

• Keeping pets indoors when the outdoor air is smoky 
• Creating and practicing a home evacuation plan that includes your pets
• Pet-proofing your home to prevent animal-induced house fires

If your pet has been exposed to smoke, call your family veterinarian right away. If you need help after hours, contact Animal Emergency Care, and bring in your pet for immediate treatment. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/toxicology/smoke-inhalation/overview-of-smoke-inhalation

https://vetmed.illinois.edu/pet_column/smoke-inhalation-dangerous-pets

https://www.petmd.com/dog/emergency/accidents-injuries/5-dangers-smoke-inhalation-pets

https://www.dvm360.com/view/smoke-inhalation-proceedings

https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/smoke-inhalation

The post Understanding and Treating Smoke Inhalation in Your Pet appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is algae poisoning in pets?

Algae poisoning is a potentially fatal infection from exposure to microscopic cyanobacteria, which can occur where blue-green algae accumulates such as freshwater lakes, streams, ponds, backyard fountains, bird baths, garden pots, and brackish water ecosystems, or anywhere stagnant water is present. Poisoning mostly occurs in the warmer months when the algal blooms increase and remain alive longer. Some blue-green algae may not contain toxic bacteria, but water safety can be determined only with testing. Potentially dangerous water may have a bluish-green or reddish-brown hue over the water’s surface or water may appear the color of pea soup. There are more than 30 species of toxic cyanobacteria and ingestion can lead to liver, kidney, skin, or nervous system problems.

Algae poisoning signs in pets

Clinical signs of algae poisoning are variable and depend on the amount and type of bacteria ingested. Poisoning signs may occur from 15 to 30 minutes after ingestion and only a few ounces can be fatal. Death can occur after a few minutes or a few weeks following exposure. Signs may include:

• Vomiting
• Bloody or dark, tarry diarrhea
• Pale, blue, or yellow gums
• Yellowing of the skin
• Muscle tremors
• Disorientation
• Lethargy
• Excessive salivation or watering eyes
• Difficulty breathing
• Seizures
• Coma
• Greenish stains around the mouth, nose, legs, or paws
• Sudden death

Algae poisoning diagnosis and treatment in pets

Bring your pet for immediate veterinary care if they have algae poisoning signs or if they have been exposed to blue-green algae. Your veterinarian may recommend a complete blood count, electrolyte test, and serum biochemistry test to rule out any concurrent medical problems. Algae poisoning has no antidote, but immediate decontamination and supportive care will give your pet the best chance of survival. Treatment may include:

• Inducing vomiting to prevent further absorption of bacteria-containing algae
• Activated charcoal for toxin absorption
• Gastric lavage to pump your pet’s stomach and remove infected algae
• Intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
• Liver protecting medications
• Anti-nausea medication
• Gastroprotectant medications
• Muscle relaxants
• Plasma or blood transfusions
• Anti-seizure medications
• Oxygen therapy

Financial options for your pet’s algae poisoning treatment  

Pets undergoing algae poisoning treatment may require an extended hospital stay, and recovery can take weeks to months. Many pets who survive will have long-term liver damage and other complications requiring regular veterinary check-ups, which can be expensive. Pet health insurance like Trupanion will ensure you can cover the costs for your pet’s emergency and long-term care for an accidental poisoning. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other alternative payment options include:

• Care Credit 
• Scratch Pay 
• Pet health savings accounts
• Short-term loans 

Algae poisoning prevention in pets 

An algae poisoning diagnosis can be devastating for pet owners because many pets will not survive. Do not allow pets to drink or swim in water that appears green or brown, is discolored, or has scum on the surface. Keep your pet secure and closely monitor them when they are near any freshwater streams, lakes, or ponds to prevent an accidental ingestion of infected water.

Also, ensure you remove any standing water from your outdoor plants, bird feeders, or fish ponds, and fence off any backyard ponds or streams.

Algae poisoning can be fatal to pets but prompt veterinary care will increase their survival chances. If you observe your pet drinking water that contains blue-green algae or if they are showing algae poisoning signs immediately bring them to Animal Emergency Care or call  your family veterinarian. #AECprevents

Sources: 
https://www.merckvetmanual.com/toxicology/algal-poisoning/overview-of-algal-poisoning

https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/blue-green-algae/

https://todaysveterinarynurse.com/articles/veterinarians-blue-green-algae-cyanobacteria-is-toxic-for-dogs/

The post When Water Is Dangerous: Algae Poisoning in Pets appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is slug bait toxicity in pets? 

Most commercial slug and snail baits available at garden shop supply stores contain the chemical metaldehyde which is extremely toxic to dogs, cats, and wildlife, although the toxicity mechanism is not fully understood. Many baits also contain other insecticides which can increase the potency and toxicity to pets. Snail and slug baits are typically formulated as pellets, granules, powders, and liquids, and contain either molasses or bran to attract garden pests. Many pets, especially dogs, are attracted by the sweet flavoring and mistake these pellets for kibble. Pets who walk through gardens containing the bait in liquid or powder form are also at risk for toxin ingestion if they groom or lick their powder-covered paws. Less than a teaspoon of bait that contains metaldehyde can be toxic to pets and may be fatal without treatment.   

Slug bait toxicity signs in pets

Slug bait toxicity signs can occur between 30 minutes and three hours after ingestion. Pets are at risk for liver failure two to three days following exposure. Toxicity signs depend on the amount ingested and may include:

• Anxious behavior
• Muscle tremors or twitches
• Fever
• Hypersensitivity when touched
• Vomiting and diarrhea
• Increased respiratory rate
• Difficulty breathing or respiratory failure
• Uncoordinated walk
• Seizures
• Rigidity
• Collapse

Slug bait toxicity diagnosis and treatment in pets

Your pet needs immediate veterinary care if they have slug bait toxicity signs to have the best chance of recovery. Diagnosis is based on their history of slug bait ingestion and clinical signs. Your veterinarian may recommend testing stomach contents or urine for metaldehyde. Additional diagnostic tests may include a complete blood count and serum biochemistry test to check overall organ function, and rule out any underlying medical problems or infections. No specific antidote is available for metaldehyde poisoning. Treatment may include:

• Inducing vomiting
• Monitoring heart rate and blood pressure
• Monitoring body temperature 
• Gastric lavage to remove remaining slug bait
• Activated charcoal for toxin absorption
• Intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
• Muscle relaxants
• Anti-seizure medication
• Liver protecting medications

Pets who are treated immediately for slug bait toxicity will usually recover. However, pets who do not receive immediate treatment or who have ingested large amounts of metaldehyde that has affected their liver and neurologic function have a low survival chance.

Financial planning for treatment of slug bait toxicity in pets

Pets undergoing slug bait toxicity treatment often require an extended hospital stay and several checkups, which can be expensive. Pet health insurance like Trupanion will ensure you can cover the costs for your pet’s emergency care for an accidental poisoning. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Additional alternative payment options include Care Credit, Scratch Pay, pet health savings accounts, and short-term loans. 

Slug bait toxicity prevention in pets

Ensure that all slug bait and insecticides are stored out of paws’ reach. Many poisonings occur when pets ingest pellets with their enticing flavor that are stored in the home. Fence off backyard gardens treated with any metaldehyde-containing baits. Alternative pet-safe methods for garden pest prevention include:

• Placing lava rock or shells around plants to deter slugs
• Placing copper bands around plants
• Planting lavender, mint, or rosemary herbs 
• Using safer slug bait that contains iron-phosphate instead of metaldehyde

If you suspect your pet has ingested slug bait or if they are showing slug bait toxicity signs immediately bring them to Animal Emergency Care or call your family veterinarian. #AECprevents

Sources: 

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951893

https://veterinary-practice.com/article/metaldehyde-poisoning-in-the-dog

https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/metaldehyde/

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/toxicology/metaldehyde-poisoning/overview-of-metaldehyde-poisoning

The post Pet Poison Prevention: Understanding Slug Bait Toxicity in Pets appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is alcohol toxicity in pets? 

Alcohol toxicity is a common pet poisoning that can occur from ingestion, skin absorption, or inhalation of alcohol or alcohol-containing products. Dogs and cats of any sex or age are at risk however kittens and puppies have an increased risk because of their small size and undeveloped organ systems. Alcohol poisoning primarily affects a pet’s gastrointestinal (GI) system, respiratory system, central nervous system, and heart. Other organ systems including the liver and kidneys also may be affected. Pets who have severe poisoning are at risk for death. The most common sources of pet alcohol poisoning include: 

• Ethanol — Common sources of ethanol include alcoholic drinks, desserts flavored with alcohol, fermented fruits, unbaked yeast dough, some liquid medications, and mouth washes. 
• Methanol — The most common sources of methanol include windshield fluids, some gasoline additives, and some paint solvents. 
• Isopropanol — This alcohol has twice the potency of ethanol or methanol. Common sources include 70 percent rubbing alcohol, hand sanitizer, glass cleaners, perfumes or colognes, detergents, antifreeze, and some grooming products or flea sprays. 

Alcohol toxicity signs in pets

Signs of alcohol toxicity vary in severity and are dependent on the type of alcohol ingested, the amount, and the pet’s size. It may take some time for signs of toxicity to appear depending on whether a pet has eaten recently or not. Alcohol toxicity signs may include:

• Staggering 
• Lack of coordination
• Excitement
• Excess drooling
• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Increased thirst and frequency of urination 
• Depression
• Lethargy
• Difficulty breathing
• Low body temperature
• Abnormal heart rhythm
• Seizures
• Coma 

Alcohol toxicity diagnosis and treatment in pets

You must bring your pet in for immediate veterinary care if you observe them ingesting or being exposed to alcohol because some pets will not show immediate signs of poisoning. An alcohol toxicity diagnosis is based on a pet’s history of ingestion or contact with alcohol and clinical signs. Your veterinarian may induce your pet to vomit if the ingestion has occurred recently, but you should never induce vomiting unless directed to do so by a veterinarian. Alcohol can lead to dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities, liver and kidney problems, and low blood sugar. Your veterinarian may recommend blood work to monitor your pet’s overall organ health. Poisoned pets likely will require an extended hospital stay for emergency care, treatment, and continued observation which may include: 

• Heart rate and blood pressure monitoring
• Body temperature monitoring and regulation with specialized warming pads
• Oxygen therapy
• Intravenous (IV) fluids to prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
• IV dextrose for low blood sugar
• Liver-protecting medications
• Anti-nausea medication
• Gastroprotectant medication
• Anti-seizure medication

Financial planning for treatment of alcohol toxicity in pets

Pets being treated for severe alcohol toxicity often require an extended hospital stay and several checkups which can result in a large veterinary bill. Pet health insurance like Trupanion will ensure you can cover the costs of your pet’s emergency care for an accidental poisoning. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other available payment options include:

• Care Credit
• Scratch Pay
• Pet health savings accounts
• Short-term loans

Alcohol toxicity prevention in pets

Keeping any alcoholic beverages or products containing alcohol out of your pet’s reach is the best way to prevent them from being accidentally poisoned. Never feed your pet any desserts or drinks that contain alcohol because even a small amount can be dangerous. Other prevention tips include:

• Keeping your pet out of the kitchen when handling raw yeast dough
• Placing a pet-proof lid on all garbage cans to prevent contact or ingestion of alcohol-containing products 
• Storing all household products with alcohol in a pet-proof location
• Quickly cleaning up any spilled alcoholic drinks or products
• Consulting with your veterinarian before spraying any alcohol-based grooming or flea products on your pet 

If you suspect your pet has ingested alcohol or if they are showing alcohol toxicity signs immediately bring them to Animal Emergency Care if it is after hours, or call your family veterinarian. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/alcohol

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4952310

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/toxicology/household-hazards/alcohols

The post Pet Poison Prevention: Understanding Alcohol Toxicity in Pets appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

#1: Use caution with holiday decor around pets 

Festive decor, Christmas trees, dangling ornaments, and candles can transform your home into a magical but potentially dangerous winter wonderland. Take precautions when adorning your home with the following:

• Christmas trees — Many pets will want to investigate the new smells and tree branches so ensure they can’t tip the tree over and possibly injure themselves by securing it to a ceiling or doorway with fishing line. In addition, never use water additives in the tree stand. Pets can mistake tree water for their personal water dish, and drinking additive-laden water can lead to vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration.
• Ornaments — Place all fragile ornaments such as glass balls and food-based decorations high on the tree to prevent mischievous pets from injuring their paws on broken ornaments or ingesting dangerous ingredients. 
• Tinsel —Tinsel and ribbon are common culprits in many feline holiday emergencies, leading to intestinal blockages that often require surgical removal. Ensure you place all tinsel and decorative ribbons out of paw’s reach. 
• Candles and potpourri — Place lighted candles far out of reach of swatting paws or wagging tails to prevent burned fur or house fires. Avoid using scented candles or potpourri that contains essential oils because they can be toxic to pets, especially the oils described here.

#2: Keep pets out of the kitchen and away from the dinner table 

Many holiday celebrations revolve around large savory meals and endless sweet treats. The kitchen is a popular gathering place during family festivities and the delicious aromas are difficult for pets—and most humans—to resist. However, kitchen chaos can lead to counter-surfing and dumpster-diving pets eager to sample the day’s bounty. Many holiday ingredients and dishes are toxic or difficult for pets to digest. Sharing your plate with your pet can lead to gastrointestinal (GI) distress and inflammation including pancreatitis which is a potentially deadly inflammatory condition that can cause vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and dehydration. Additionally, never share leftover bones with your pet as they can cause dangerous GI blockages which may require emergency surgery. Also ensure you put a pet-proof lid on all garbage cans within your pet’s reach and frequently remove all garbage and food scraps from the home.

#3: Avoid pet-toxic holiday plants and flowers

Floral centerpieces and seasonal plants are popular holiday gifts; however, ensure you do not bring any pet-toxic plants into your home. Many plants and especially lilies are severely toxic to cats. Eating only a small amount of any part of the plant, including the pollen and leaves, can cause drooling, vomiting, and decreased appetite, and can lead to kidney failure. While the popular poinsettia is no longer considered toxic unless large amounts are consumed, the sap in poinsettia leaves is irritating to your pet’s mouth and throat and eating the leaves likely will cause your pet to become nauseated and vomit. Always check the ASPCA toxic plant list before adorning your table or home with floral or plant centerpieces, and keep these other popular holiday plants out of pet’s reach:

• Mistletoe
• Balsam
• Amaryllis
• Pine
• Cedar
• Holly
• Christmas cactus 

#4: Keep wires, batteries, and small toys out of paw’s reach

The numerous cords and wires required for your twinkling lights, electric candles, and other holiday decorations can be dangerous to curious pets who may mistake them for new chew toys. Keep all cords and wires out of paw’s reach because chewing or swallowing them can lead to serious injury including oral burns, electric shock, or GI distress or blockages. 

Ensure your pet does not have access to any batteries because most contain zinc which is toxic if ingested. It also can cause GI distress, anemia, seizures, and death in some cases. Keep a watchful eye as well on any small children’s toys since your pet could mistake them for new pet toys and swallow them which could cause intestinal damage or a blockage that requires surgical removal. 

#5: Prepare for unexpected pet emergencies  

It is not uncommon for Christmas cats and “Holidogs” to let their mischievous nature get the better of them despite your best efforts to keep them out of holiday trouble. Ensure you have the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center number, your family veterinarian’s contact information, and our Animal Emergency Care number and address easily accessible in the event of an accidental toxin ingestion or injury. Common pet holiday emergencies may require an extended hospital stay which can result in a larger veterinary bill. Consider purchasing a pet health insurance plan like Trupanion to ensure funds are available to cover emergency treatment costs. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for your reimbursement. Other pet emergency payment options include pet health savings accounts, Care Credit, Scratch Pay, and short-term loans.

Call your family veterinarian right away if your pet gets into any holiday trouble. If you need help after hours, Animal Emergency Care is open 24 hours a day. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/petcare/holiday-pet-safety

https://www.petmd.com/dog/seasonal/evr_multi_dangerous_winter_holiday_plants

https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/general-pet-care/holiday-safety-tips

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/toxicology/zinc-toxicosis/overview-of-zinc-toxicosis

The post Happy Pawlidays: 5 Holiday Safety Tips for Your Pet appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is heat stroke in pets? 

Heatstroke or heat exhaustion develops when your pet’s body temperature rises above the normal range of 100 to 102.5 degrees as a result of exposure to a hot environment or high humidity at lower temperatures. Pets have few sweat glands compared with humans, and primarily cool themselves by panting. Dogs are generally more affected by heat stroke than cats. Brachycephalic dog breeds such as bulldogs and pugs have an increased risk for heat stroke because their shorter oral and nasal cavities are less efficient at cooling. Overweight pets, senior pets, and pets who have underlying heart and lung problems also have an increased risk. However any species, breed, or age can be affected when they are exposed to warmer temperatures. Common culprits for heat stroke include:

• Leaving a pet inside a car, including when it does not feel hot outside
• Leaving a pet indoors during warm weather without proper ventilation or air conditioning
• Playing or exercising a pet in warm weather with no breaks for cooling or hydration
• Neglecting to provide a pet with adequate access to water during warm weather
• Leaving a pet outside during warm weather with no access to shade, water, or a cool location

Heat stroke signs in pets

Pets who have heat stroke are at risk for brain swelling, organ failure, and bleeding problems because extreme temperatures can impair their coagulation system. Heat stroke signs may include:

• Excessive panting
• Excessive drooling
• Difficulty breathing
• Incoordination
• Bright red gums
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea, which may contain blood
• Bruising without apparent trauma 
• Collapse
• Muscle tremors 
• Unconsciousness 
• Seizures
• Death 

Diagnosis and treatment of heat stroke in pets

Immediately move your pet to a cool environment such as your air conditioned home, and offer them water if they are showing heat stroke signs such as excessive panting. Place your pet in a bathtub of cool water. Never put them in an ice bath or cold water. Remove your pet from the cool bath once their temperature reaches 103 degrees, and dry them off.

Bring your pet to your family veterinarian for immediate care if their heat stroke signs have not improved in 10 minutes or if they collapse, have seizures, or become unconscious. Ensure you inform your veterinarian that your pet has suffered extreme heat exposure or had been excessively exercising. Your pet’s history, signs, and rectal temperature higher than 102.5 degrees will confirm a heat stroke diagnosis. Your veterinarian may recommend blood tests to check your pet’s electrolytes, overall organ function, and blood clotting functions. Treatments may include:

• Cool water baths
• Intravenous (IV) fluids 
• Oxygen therapy
• Anti-nausea medication
• Gastroprotectant medications
• Blood or plasma transfusions
• Specialized cooling pads
• Heart rate and blood pressure monitoring
• Regular body temperature monitoring

Payment options for a pet’s heat stroke treatment

Heat stroke treatment often requires an extended hospital stay in addition to several follow up appointments, and such care can result in a large veterinary bill. However, several payment options are available to cover treatment costs including:

• Care Credit and Scratch Pay which allow payments to be spread out over longer periods
• Pet health savings accounts or short-term loans
• Pet health insurance like Trupanion which will ensure you can cover the costs for your pet’s emergency heat stroke treatment—Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly and eliminate the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements 

Heat stroke prevention in pets

Heat stroke can be deadly, and close supervision of your pet when they are exposed to warmer temperatures is vital. Heat stroke can occur when temperatures are 80 degrees or higher or when humidity levels are high. Prevention measures include:

• Avoiding exercising your pet during hot weather days
• Never leaving your pet outside or unsupervised during hot weather
• Never leaving your pet alone for any period of time even in a parked car with the windows down, and even if it may not seem hot outside because heat can still build up quickly inside the car
• Keeping higher risk pets in air conditioned environments during hot weather days except for short outdoor bathroom breaks

Immediately contact your family veterinarian if your pet is experiencing heat stroke or bring them to Animal Emergency Care if they need help after hours. #AECprevents

Sources: https://www.aaha.org/your-pet/pet-owner-education/ask-aaha/how-can-i-prevent-heatstroke-in-my-pet/

https://todaysveterinarynurse.com/articles/providing-care-to-dogs-with-heatstroke

https://vetmed.illinois.edu/pet_column/warm-weather-heat-stroke

The post The Heat is On: Protecting Your Pet from Heat Stroke  appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

Why is chocolate dangerous for pets?

Chocolate toxicity occurs from excessive ingestion of the methylxanthine chemicals theobromine and caffeine which are present in variable amounts in most chocolates. In humans, these stimulant chemicals may be used as a diuretic, heart stimulant, blood vessel dilator, and smooth muscle relaxant. Pets cannot efficiently metabolize these stimulants and it can take more than four days for chocolate to process through their bodies. Dogs are more commonly affected by chocolate toxicity, but cats also may be affected. The severity of the toxicity depends on the amount and type of chocolate consumed. Darker, less sweet, and bitter chocolates generally contain higher levels of caffeine and theobromine. White chocolate and milk chocolate tend to have lower levels of toxic chemicals, but one ounce of milk chocolate per pound of body weight can be lethal for some dogs. Some chocolate-containing treats such as sugar-free candy or cake may be mixed with other toxic ingredients, including xylitol, raisins, or macadamia nuts.

Pets who ingest toxic amounts of chocolate are at risk for death because of cardiac arrest or central nervous system problems. Additionally, pets who ingest chocolate have an increased risk of developing pancreatitis, a dangerous inflammatory condition that can be life-threatening. Pets typically also will not discriminate between the candy wrapper and the treat, and wrappers can lead to upset stomachs and in more severe cases intestinal blockages. 

Chocolate toxicity signs in pets 

Chocolate toxicity signs may not be immediately obvious and can take several hours to develop in some cases. Signs are variable and depend on the amount and type of chocolate ingested. They can include: 

• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Restlessness
• Agitation
• Hyperactivity
• Increased heart rate
• Increased thirst and urination
• Pale or blue gums
• Tremors 
• Hyperthermia
• Seizures

Chocolate toxicity diagnosis and treatment in pets 

A chocolate toxicity diagnosis is based on a pet’s ingestion history and clinical signs. Some pets will not show immediate signs of poisoning, but bring them in to your veterinarian immediately if you observe them eating anything that contains chocolate. Your veterinarian may induce your pet to vomit if the ingestion has occurred recently, but never induce vomiting in your pet yourself unless directed to do so by a veterinarian. Pets with severe toxicity signs or those who are experiencing seizures, hypothermia, or an irregular heart rate likely will require an extended hospital stay for emergency care and continued observation. Your veterinarian may recommend several blood tests to monitor for changes in your pet’s organ function and electrolytes. Treatments may include: 

• Heart rate and blood pressure monitoring
• Body temperature monitoring and specialized cooling pads
• IV fluids to prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalances and to decontaminate 
• Activated charcoal for toxin absorption
• Anti-nausea medication
• Gastroprotectant medications
• Muscle relaxants
• Anti-seizure medication

Financial planning for chocolate toxicity treatment in pets

Pets undergoing chocolate toxicity treatment often require an extended hospital stay and several checkups which can be expensive. However, pet health insurance like Trupanion can ensure you can cover the costs for your pet’s emergency care because of an accidental poisoning. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly, which may eliminate the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other alternative payment options include:

• Care Credit 
• Scratch Pay 
• Pet health savings accounts 
• Short-term loans 

Chocolate toxicity prevention in pets

Keeping any products containing chocolate out of paw’s reach is the easiest most important way of preventing chocolate toxicity in your pet. Always check the label before giving your pet human food treats to ensure they do not contain any chocolate or caffeine-containing products. Other prevention tips include:

• Storing household candy in a pet-proof container
• Covering all garbage cans to prevent ingestion of candy wrappers
• Never leaving candy bowls, desserts, or drinks containing chocolate liquor on the table or in a room with unsupervised pets
• Considering placing pets in a separate room during gatherings at which chocolate candies or desserts may be served

If you suspect your pet has ingested chocolate, or if they are showing chocolate toxicity signs, do not hesitate to seek treatment. Animal Emergency Care is available to help your pet any time, day or night. #AECprevents

The post Pet Poison Prevention: Understanding Chocolate Toxicity in Pets appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is lily toxicity in pets?

Lily plants and flowers are popular springtime decor in many homes and gardens. A variety of plants and flowers are referred to as lilies, including hybrid lily plants. This diversity can be confusing to pet owners who are unfamiliar with pet-toxic plants. True lilies or daylilies are extremely toxic to cats, and the entire plant including the stems, leaves, flowers, pollen, and vase water can be deadly if ingested. Small amounts of any lily part are toxic, and cats who groom only a few pollen grains from their paws or body can become poisoned. The exact chemical that is toxic to cats has not been identified. Cats who ingest lilies are at risk for renal failure and death without treatment. Dogs who ingest lilies do not develop renal failure but may experience minor gastrointestinal (GI) upset. Other plants named “lily” which are not true lilies, including lily of the valley and flame lilies, can cause heart problems and organ failure when ingested by dogs and cats.

Lily toxicity signs in pets

Lily toxicity signs will vary among cats and these dangerous plants affect some pets more than others. The reason is unclear. Lily toxicity signs occur less than 12 hours after ingestion and renal damage occurs between 12 and 24 hours after exposure. Signs include: 

• Decreased activity
• Lethargy 
• Excess drooling
• Nausea and vomiting
• Decreased appetite
• Increased thirst
• Increased urination
• Dehydration
• Lack of urination after one or two days

Lily toxicity diagnosis and treatment in pets

Diagnosis of lily toxicity is based on clinical signs, a history of ingestion, or owners who found plant pieces in their pet’s vomit. Your pet will require immediate veterinary care if you suspect they have had contact with this plant or you have observed them eating a portion of a lily plant or flower. Bring a photo or flower from the plant to the veterinary hospital for identification when possible to help with a fast diagnosis and treatment plan. Cats who ingest lilies are at risk for irreversible kidney damage and some do not recover despite aggressive veterinary medical care. Cats who do not receive treatment less than 18 hours after toxic lily ingestion will experience irreversible kidney failure and will not likely survive. Your veterinarian will recommend blood and urine tests to closely monitor your pet’s kidney and organ function. Treatment for lily toxicity includes:

• Induced vomiting if the pet ingested the plant less than two or three hours ago
• Anti-nausea medication
• Activated charcoal for toxin absorption
• Intravenous fluids to support the kidneys and prevent dehydration
• Heart rate and blood pressure monitoring
• Body temperature monitoring and regulation 
• Dialysis if urine production has stopped

Payment options for lily toxicity treatment in pets 

Pets undergoing treatment for lily toxicity will likely require an extended hospital stay and several follow-up appointments to ensure their kidneys are healthy. This long-term care can result in a large veterinary bill but several payment options are available to cover treatment costs. Purchasing a pet health insurance plan like Trupanion will ensure funds are available for emergency treatment. Trupanion will pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other payment options include:

• Pet health savings accounts
• Care Credit
• Scratch Pay
• Short-term loans

Lily toxicity prevention for pets

Cats will naturally investigate plants by chewing or pawing at the flowers, so you must ensure they do not have access to any lily plants or flowers. Do not let your pets have access to the yard if lilies are present. Check the ASPCA toxic plant list before bringing any plants indoors or planting them in your garden. Provide pet-safe plant material such as fresh catnip to decrease your cat’s desire to seek out other plants. 

A quick response and treatment is critical for a successful outcome in pets who ingest toxic lilies. Immediately call your family veterinarian or bring your pet to Animal Emergency Care if it is after hours. #AECprevents

The post Pet Poison Prevention: Understanding Lily Toxicity in Pets appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is xylitol toxicity in pets?

Xylitol is found naturally as sugar alcohol in berries, plums, oats, corn, mushrooms, and other fruits, and has increased recently in popularity as a sugar substitute because of its low glycemic index and dental plaque fighting properties. Xylitol looks and tastes like sugar, has 40% less calories, and is commonly used in diabetic and low-carbohydrate diets. Humans who ingest xylitol may experience a laxative effect. However, pets, especially dogs, who ingest xylitol can become hypoglycemic in 30 minutes and can be affected for more than 12 hours. Xylitol is quickly released in a pet’s bloodstream and triggers the pancreas to release three to seven times the amount of insulin that is normally released with an equivalent amount of sugar. Small amounts can be deadly and only one stick of sugarless gum can cause poisoning in small dogs. Toxicity is variable and pets who ingest large amounts of xylitol are at risk of liver failure and death. Why xylitol affects the liver in dogs and whether cats experience the same effect is not known.

Xylitol toxicity signs in pets

Xylitol toxicity signs may not be immediately obvious and can take up 8 to 12 hours in some cases. However, most dogs will show signs within 30 minutes of ingesting a product that contains xylitol. Signs depend on the amount ingested and include:

• Vomiting
• Weakness or lethargy
• Depression
• Difficulty standing
• Incoordination
• Tremors
• Yellowing of skin or mucous membranes
• Collapse
• Seizures
• Coma

Xylitol toxicity diagnosis and treatment in pets

A xylitol toxicity diagnosis is based on a pet’s ingestion history and clinical signs. Some dogs will not show immediate signs of poisoning, but you must bring them to your veterinarian immediately if you observe them eating anything that contains xylitol. Your veterinarian may induce vomiting if the ingestion has occurred recently, but you should never induce vomiting in your pet unless directed by a veterinarian. Vomiting can be dangerous for some pets with xylitol poisoning and can lead to increased dehydration or aspiration pneumonia. Poisoned pets will likely require an extended hospital stay for emergency care, treatment, and continued observation. Your veterinarian may recommend several blood tests to closely monitor for changes in blood sugar, organ function, and electrolytes. Treatments to combat hypoglycemia, electrolyte imbalances, and potential liver failure may include: 

• Intravenous (IV) dextrose
• IV fluids to prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
• Liver protecting medications
• Hourly blood glucose tests for more than 12 hours
• Anti-nausea medication
• Heart rate and blood pressure monitoring
• Body temperature monitoring and regulation with specialized warming pads
• Anticonvulsants if seizures develop

Dogs who are treated immediately for xylitol toxicity will usually recover. However, dogs who do not receive immediate treatment or who have ingested large amounts of xylitol that has affected their liver have a low survival chance. 

Financial planning for treatment of xylitol toxicity in pets

Pets undergoing xylitol toxicity treatment often require an extended hospital stay and several checkups which can result in a large veterinary bill. However, pet health insurance like Trupanion will ensure you can cover the costs for your pet’s emergency care for an accidental poisoning. Trupanion will pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other alternative payment options include:

• Care Credit — Care Credit offers specialized credit cards that can help delay interest payments.
• Scratch Pay — This service provides fast, flexible payment options with variable interest rates depending on an individual’s credit. 
• Pet health savings account — Many financial institutions offer incentives for pet health savings accounts which ensure you have funds budgeted for your pet’s medical care.
• Short-term loans — These loans often have high interest rates but can be used as a last resort.

Xylitol toxicity prevention in pets

Keeping any products containing xylitol out of paws’ reach is the easiest, most important method of preventing xylitol toxicity in your pet. In addition, always check the label before giving human food treats such as peanut butter to your pet. Never brush your pet’s teeth with human toothpaste which may contain xylitol. Some veterinary dental products also contain non-toxic amounts of xylitol, and you should always follow veterinary instructions when using these products. 

Call your family veterinarian if you suspect your pet has ingested a product with xylitol or bring them to Animal Emergency Care immediately if they are showing xylitol toxicity signs. #AECprevents

Sources: 

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4952819

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/toxicology/food-hazards/xylitol?query=xylitol%20ingestion

https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/paws-xylitol-its-dangerous-dogs

The post Pet Poison Prevention: Understanding Xylitol Toxicity in Pets appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.