Happy Freedom Day!

In celebration of Black resilience and joy, as well as recognition of our collective responsibility to address systemic barriers to inclusion in our profession, the AEC team invites our community to learn more about the history of Juneteenth and what we can do to help advance racial equity and remove barriers to inclusivity in the work we love.

What is Juneteenth?

Juneteenth is the oldest national celebration which commemorates the end of slavery in the United States. Juneteenth is also known by names including: Jubilee, Black Independence Day, Freedom Day, Emancipation Day, and its official title as the 11th U.S. Federal Holiday, Juneteenth National Independence Day. Though it is our most recent federal holiday, officially recognized in 2021, Juneteenth celebrations are nothing new. Americans have been celebrating the end of slavery since the 1860s and in many parts of the United States, Juneteenth has been legally recognized on a state level for decades.

The stain of chattel slavery will exist forever on the history of the United States and it is important to understand that slavery and slavery-adjacent conditions continued beyond Galveston and the symbol of June 19th, 1865. The far-reaching impact on the lives of generations of Black Americans still remains undeniable in June 2026, over 160 years later. Juneteenth is a celebration of African-American culture, resilience, and joy, as well as a time to reflect on both the history and the future of our nation.

Impact on the veterinary medicine

Veterinary medicine is one of the most occupationally segregated professions in the United States of America on the basis of race. Though gender representation in the profession has radically shifted over the last 50 years and it boasts a higher than average representation of LGBTQ+ individuals, significant racial inequity persists. Data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics suggests between 88% and 92% of veterinarians are white, a number significantly higher than the average representation of white Americans in the workforce. Only 1-2% of American veterinarians are Black. 

While representation is only one consideration of many when looking at parity and equity, the importance of representation in professional leadership is undeniable: it is hard to imagine possibilities for ourselves that we cannot see in the world, especially when we are young. The veterinary medical field struggles with diverse representation at all levels of the profession, including paraveterinary workers. Lack of diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging hinders the advancement of veterinary science and creates barriers to care access for many pet owners.

How to help advance racial equity in veterinary medicine

Learn the truth, tell the truth

Our nation’s history is important to the lives of all Americans, but the occupational impact of systemic racism is of particular relevance to those of us who work in the veterinary medical field. Veterinary professionals recognize the importance of identifying an injury or illness in the process of seeking to ameliorate it. It is vital that we readily name and acknowledge the reality of racial inequity in veterinary medicine as we work to change it. We cannot hope to heal what we cannot see or speak about.

Support, Uplift, Advocate

Animal Emergency Care is a 24-hour emergency hospital and our facility is open on all federal holidays. AEC donates a percentage of our total Juneteenth labor expenses (equivalent to a holiday differential) to an organization advancing equity for Black veterinary professionals in our industry, such as the National Association for Black Veterinarians (NABV). AEC is grateful for the opportunity to materially contribute to the NABV in its mission to celebrate the achievements of Black veterinarians, create a pathway for Black students entering veterinary medicine, and foster advocacy, community, and support at every level of the profession.

Last year, our team connected with Dr. Annie J. Daniel, PhD, founder of the NABV, as well as Founder and CEO of iHELP- the Institute for Healthcare Education Leadership and Professionals. Dr. Daniel graciously collaborated with us to determine how to best support the organization’s important work beyond our planned holiday donation. This year, Animal Emergency Care is proud to be a sponsor of the 2026 NABV Conference and Scholarship Gala, an educational conference by and for Black veterinary professionals and students.

The theme of this year’s conference is “Inspiring the Next Generation of Black Veterinarians: Empowering Voices for Diversity in Veterinary Medicine.”

Resources

Juneteenth Fact Sheet by the Congressional Research Service

Juneteenth Resources – City of Bellingham

Anti-Racism Resources by Western Libraries (WWU)

The 2022-2023 iHELP and NABV Impact Report

VetREDI – a RACE-approved certification on Racial Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in veterinary medicine

Being Black in a white profession – AVMA

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#1: What are pet essential nutrients? 

Your pet’s diet should be complete and balanced for their life stage to ensure they receive the necessary nutrients for proper body development and function. Some pets like young puppies or kittens may require more essential nutrients to support their growing bones. However, feeding your senior pet a puppy diet can be dangerous and result in an excess of nutrients like protein, which can cause metabolic or digestive problems. Your pet’s six essential nutrients are:

• Water —More than 60 percent of your pet’s body is water and it is vital to provide them with access to clean, fresh water. Pets who live in warmer climates or who are more active may require more water for proper hydration and body function. 
• Protein — Essential amino acids are the building blocks for protein and are a required component in your pet’s diet because their body is not able to make the necessary amounts. Protein is essential for cell growth, muscle repair and maintenance, and reproductive function. 
• Fat — Fat is a good source of energy and is essential for skin and coat health, vitamin absorption, and insulation. It is also a key component in the proper regulation of inflammatory responses. 
• Carbohydrates — Simple carbohydrates like glucose, and complex carbohydrates like fiber serve as a quick energy source and support intestinal tract health. 
• Vitamins — Your pet cannot make essential vitamins so vitamins must be provided as part of their diet to ensure proper chemical reactions in their tissues and cells. Vitamins A, C, and E are critical because of their antioxidant properties.
• Minerals — Minerals such as calcium and phosphorus are important for bone and cartilage formation and support many metabolic functions.  

#2: What do I look for on a pet food label? 

The Association of the American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) has established guidelines for pet food labels and balanced nutrition. Your pet’s food should be labeled complete and balanced which means it has either been through rigorous AAFCO feeding trials, or it contains all of the required nutrients needed to maintain their health. Pet foods that meet AAFCO standards will be labeled with the following:

• Product and brand name 
• Species 
• Quantity statement 
• Guaranteed analysis 
• Calorie content 
• Ingredients list 
• Nutritional adequacy statement 
• Feeding directions 
• Manufacturer name and contact information 

#3: How do I choose the right food for my pet? 

Your pet’s diet type, amount of food, and feeding frequency will change as they approach their grey muzzle years. While their nutritional needs will be variable, their diet should be specific for the following: 

• Life stage — Your pet’s diet should be formulated for their age or their life stage including lactation and gestation, growth stage, adult maintenance, and senior years. For example, senior pets may require more nutrients to support their bones and joints. 
• Climate —Pets who spend more time outdoors such as your exploring feline or canine exercise partner will need a more nutrient dense diet during colder months to ensure they have adequate insulation and can maintain their body weight. 
• Activity level —Your four-legged workout partner likely will require more calories than your couch-cuddling feline to ensure they have adequate energy and maintain a healthy body weight. 
• Medical condition — Food therapy is a common supplemental treatment and veterinary prescription diets are available to address a variety of medical concerns, including diabetes, kidney disease, and allergies. 

#4: How do I know how much to feed my pet? 

Your family veterinarian will evaluate your pet’s weight and nutritional needs during their preventive care examinations. AAFCO-approved diets will list calorie content per cup and daily recommended feeding instructions. Pet owners also can use this chart, which provides calorie range guidelines for your indoor pet. Pet obesity is an epidemic, and in 2018 the Association for Pet Obesity and Prevention reported that approximately 60 percent of cats and 56 percent of dogs were overweight or obese. Many pet owners use food and treats to show their pet affection, but too many treats can be dangerous and increase their risk for health problems such as arthritis and diabetes. Ensure that your pet’s treats do not make up more than 10 percent of their daily calorie intake.

#5: Should I feed my pet a grain-free or gluten-free diet?

The popularity of grain-free and gluten-free diets for humans has resulted in pet food companies creating similar products, and many pet owners wonder if their pets should be eating these limited ingredient diets. Gluten intolerance is rare in pets and feeding them a limited ingredient diet may result in a nutritional deficiency which can be harmful to overall organ and metabolic function. Recent research suggests that grain-free diets may be harmful to pets and may cause heart disease. 

If you have questions about your pet’s nutritional needs, please reach out to your family veterinarian. Call Animal Emergency Care if your pet gets into trouble after hours.#AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.petmd.com/dog/slideshows/nutrition-center/choosing-best-dog-food

https://www.aaha.org/aaha-guidelines/nutritional-assessment-configuration/nutritional-assessment-introduction

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/management-and-nutrition/nutrition-small-animals/dog-and-cat-foods

https://wsava.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Nutrition-Label-USA-16_9.pdf

https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/blog/top-five-pet-food-questions

https://todaysveterinarynurse.com/articles/fluid-calculations-keeping-a-balance

The post Bone Appetit: 5 Common Pet Nutrition Questions Answered appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

#1: Implement fire safety precautions to protect your pet when you aren’t home 

Life is slowly returning to normal following the COVID-19 pandemic, and many pet owners are returning to in-person work offices. Therefore, pets may be spending more time at home alone and ensuring safety measures are in place, should an unexpected home fire occur, is critical. Install monitored smoke and carbon monoxide detectors to ensure firefighters are immediately notified of a home fire emergency. Change the batteries at least twice yearly and regularly check that all monitors are functioning properly. Equip your home with several residential fire extinguishers so you can respond quickly if a fire occurs. Regularly inspect your extinguishers and ensure you take appropriate training on proper use and storage. Place a pet alert sticker in a visible location such as a front door or window that includes the number and type of pets and emergency contact numbers, including your family veterinarian. 

#2: Pet-proof your home to prevent them from starting a house fire 

Investigative paws are a common cause of accidental house fires. Many household items can lead to devastating accidents when pets become curious so pet-proof your home to decrease the chances of a fire. Never leave your pet unattended around any fire source and prevent your pet from accessing the following:

• Candles — Scented candles may be interesting to pets which may lead to burned paws or whiskers, or accidentally knocking a candle over. Consider using battery-operated flameless candles in areas that your pet can easily access. 
• Stovetops — Pets accidentally turning on stove knobs are a common cause of pet-generated fires. Consider removing stovetop knobs or using protective covers when not in use. 
• Electrical cords — Many pets mistake electrical cords for chew toys which can lead to a dangerous electrical fire and pet injury. Secure all wires and cords and train your pet to stay away from areas where cords are located.  
• Fireplaces — Ensure your pet cannot access a lit fireplace by blocking their entrance with a pet gate. 

#3: Include your pet in your home evacuation plan 

Preparing a home evacuation plan can ease decision-making stress and ensure you are ready to respond at a moment’s notice. Identify all your possible escape routes, practice your evacuation, and gauge how your pet will respond during an emergency. Many pets can sense danger and stress and coercing your pet to safety may be difficult. Ensure you know your pet’s favorite resting, hiding, and sleeping locations. Regularly practice placing your pet in their crate or carrier and use their favorite treat or toy so they associate the crate with a safe, positive space. This will decrease the chances of them running away when you bring out their crate during an emergency evacuation. Place spare leashes near exit areas to be easily accessible during a house fire. Additionally, ensure your home evacuation plan includes:

• Designated family member — Designate one or two family members to gather your pets during a home fire. This will ensure a quick response and help to decrease confusion during an emergency. 
• Outside meeting spot — Designate a safe outdoor meeting place for all family members to ensure every person and pet is safe. 
• Pet-friendly boarding options — Ensure you have a safe place for your pet if you are not able to return home immediately after a house fire. Many hotels do not allow pets so make a list of pet-friendly shelters, hotels, and boarding facilities near your home. 

#4: Assemble a pet emergency kit and learn basic pet first aid and CPR  

Assemble a pet emergency kit so you are always prepared for an evacuation that requires an extended time away from your home. Purchase watertight bins or boxes to ensure all supplies stay clean and dry, and include the following in your kit:

• A spare leash, harness, and collar
• A minimum five-day supply of food, water, and medications for each household pet
• Food and water dishes
• Elimination supplies including waste bags, litter, and disposable boxes
• A copy of your pet’s vaccination records and any significant medical history
• Your pet’s microchip number and registration information
• Your pet’s health insurance contact and policy number
• A list of your pet’s medications and dosing instructions
• Name and address of your family veterinarian and Animal Emergency Care
• A current photo of you with your pet, which is helpful to help prove ownership should your pet accidentally run away during a fire evacuation 

Consider registering for a pet first aid certification course that includes pet CPR training. Although pet first aid is never a substitute for veterinary care, it allows you to stabilize your pet prior to professional treatment, and may be life-saving.

#5: Financially prepare for your pet’s emergency veterinary care  

Pets who are involved in house fires are at risk for smoke inhalation injuries and burns. Bring your pet for a veterinary examination following any exposure to fire or smoke, whether or not they are showing obvious symptoms. Your pet may require hospitalization to receive treatments such as oxygen therapy, intravenous fluids, and pain medications. Emergency care following a house fire can result in a large veterinary bill. However, pet health insurance like Trupanion will ensure you can cover the costs for your pet’s emergency care. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other alternative payment options include:

• Care Credit 
• Scratch Pay 
• Pet health savings accounts 
• Short-term loans 

Immediately contact your family veterinarian if your pet has been involved in a house fire, or bring them to Animal Emergency Care if they need help after hours. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.aspca.org/news/fire-safety-and-your-pets-keeping-them-safe-unexpected

https://www.avma.org/javma-news/2018-02-15/when-fire-strikes-home

https://www.nfpa.org/-/media/Files/Public-Education/Resources/Safety-tip-sheets/PetSafetyTips.ashx

https://www.aspcapetinsurance.com/resources/5-steps-to-create-a-pet-fire-safety-plan

The post 5 Tips to Keep Your Pet Safe from a House Fire appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

#1: Teach your old dog (or cat) a new trick

Socialization and training are vital when pets are young and will ensure they have good manners and feel safe and comfortable in various situations. However, many pet owners stop at basic obedience training. Training your pet should be a lifelong endeavor and teaching a new trick or skill will exercise their brain and strengthen their cognitive abilities as they approach their grey muzzle years. Designate daily training sessions with your furry pal and teach them new tricks like high five or roll over. Pets, especially dogs, are natural people pleasers and will thrive from learning new skills with their favorite human companion. Do not forget to include your feline friend and also designate time to teach them a new skill such as high five or fetch. Provide ample praise and treats so they understand the desired behavior. You may also consider enrolling your pet in an obedience or agility class to learn advanced  skills.  

#2: Stay active with your pet 

Many pet owners show their pets love by sharing a bite of their dinner or giving them extra treats. However, too much of a good thing can be dangerous for your pet’s health. Extra furry dogs and fluffy felines can deceive their owners who often are unaware that their pets are actually overweight. In fact, the Centers for Disease Control report more than 50% of U.S. dogs and cats are overweight or obese. Staying active with your pet will not only ensure a healthy amount of exercise but also strengthen your bond.

Pets who maintain a healthy weight have an increased life span of more than two years. Try walking your canine pal for five minutes four to five times daily and gradually work up to 30 to 45 minutes of activity. Your feline friends can also be leash-trained but patience and walking slowly are vital for them to accept a leash. Encourage your cat to walk around the house behind a feather wand or give them their favorite treat each time they follow you. Benefits to incorporating daily activity with your pet include: 

• Increased ability to maintain a healthy weight 
• Improved cardiovascular function 
• Improved muscle tone
• Improved digestion
• Decreased incidence of arthritis
• Increased joint mobility

#3: Schedule daily playtime with your pet 

Daily play sessions with your furry pal will improve and strengthen your bond and provide reinforcement to your pet that time with you is enjoyable and fun. A consistent daily play routine will improve your pet’s emotional well-being and prevent accidents or inappropriate behavior because of boredom. Ensure you use a variety of activities to exercise your pet’s body, burn calories, and stimulate their brain including:

• Playing a game of hide and seek and providing your pet with ample treats when they find you or the hidden toy
• Playing fetch with a variety of toys or balls 
• Playing a game of tug-o-war with a rope or other soft toy 
• Playing a game of cat and mouse with a feather wand or toy mouse to encourage your cat’s natural stalking behavior

#4: Provide your pet with regular wellness care  

Regular wellness and preventive care will ensure your pet remains healthy and by your side for as long as possible. The human-animal bond has increased the demand for advances in veterinary care, and animals now are living longer healthier lives. Your pet may not always enjoy being vaccinated, and they may be scared during a veterinary examination. However, speaking calmly to your pet before, during, and after their examination will provide reassurance and comfort. Consider purchasing pet health insurance like Trupanion so you are prepared for any costly veterinary care for an unexpected accident or illness. 

#5: Schedule home grooming sessions for your pet  

Regular brushing or bathing is the perfect way to spend quality time and bond with your pet. You should always consult your veterinarian before choosing a shampoo and establishing a bathing routine. Cats rarely need bathing because regular baths may disrupt their natural oils and can potentially dry out their skin. Brushing your dog or cat daily will prevent matted fur and is the perfect way to gently check your pet for any lumps, bumps, or skin abnormalities. Home grooming sessions will also help ensure your pet is more comfortable during their veterinary visits. Ensure you gently handle your pet’s ears, paws, and tail during home grooming sessions to acclimate them for the handling they will receive during a veterinary examination. 

Our Animal Emergency Care team understands the special bond you have with your pet. Call your family veterinarian to ensure your pet receives regular wellness care or contact us if they get into trouble after hours. 

The post 5 Ways to Strengthen the Bond with Your Pet appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What are burns in pets? 

Burns can occur as a result of tissue injury from heat, flames, chemicals, or electricity. Thermal burns caused by agents that include fire, steam, hot liquids, and heating devices are the most common in pets. Burn injuries are painful and can lead to partial or complete skin damage, as well as secondary problems including heart abnormalities, respiratory problems, dehydration, and metabolic disease. Severe burn injuries can be life-threatening. Burns are classified by the number of damaged skin layers and by injury severity. Burn classification includes:

• First-degree (superficial) — Only the outermost skin layer, or epidermis, is affected and these burns will typically heal quickly. 
• Second-degree (partial thickness) — Deeper skin layers are affected and blistering and skin draining can occur. Pets with second-degree burns are at risk for infection. 
• Third-degree (full thickness) — All skin layers are affected, as well as subcutaneous tissue. Bones, muscles, ligaments, and tendons may also be damaged. Pets will lose sensation in the affected area and will develop scars after healing.  

Clinical burn signs in pets

Clinical burn signs will vary depending on the burn type and severity and may not be immediately obvious to pet owners. Pets who have superficial burns will likely have mildly red painful skin. Pets who have had fire or smoke exposure are at risk for associated medical problems. Read more about smoke inhalation in our previous blog. Clinical burn signs may include:

• Pale, yellow, gray, tan, or black skin
• Hair loss around burn area
• Hair that is easily removed around a burn
• Blistered skin
• Foul-smelling skin
• Pale or blue gums
• Vomiting
• Difficulty breathing
• Heart arrhythmias
• Muscle spasms
• Seizures
• Excess salivation

Burn diagnosis and treatment in pets

If you observe your pet being burned, immediately rinse the area with cool water and call your veterinarian. Your pet will need immediate veterinary care if they have any burn signs or have been exposed to smoke or fire. Diagnosis is based on the extent of your pet’s skin damage. Burn severity may not be immediately obvious so ensure you inform your veterinarian the burn source, such as steam or a stove, and the length of exposure if possible. Your veterinarian may recommend a complete blood count and serum biochemistry test to rule out any concurrent medical problems. Advanced imaging such an X-ray, ultrasound, or computed tomography (CT) scan may be recommended to check heart function, potential airway injury, and overall respiratory tract function. Treatment will depend on your pet’s burn type and severity and may include:

• Intravenous fluids
• Pain medications
• Topical antibiotic or wound healing medications
• Daily bandages
• Antibiotics
• Specialized diet or feeding tube
• Surgical wound management 

Financial options for your pet’s burn treatment  

Pets undergoing burn treatment may require an extended hospital stay and several checkups, which can be expensive. Consider purchasing a pet health insurance plan like Trupanion when your pet is young to ensure funds are available for such long-term care. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other financial options that can cover treatment costs include: 

• Care Credit 
• Scratch Pay 
• Pet health savings accounts 
• Short-term loans 

Burn prevention in pets 

Ensure you keep your pet out of the kitchen or away from outdoor grills when you are cooking to prevent them from being accidentally  burned. Store all chemicals out of paws’ reach and keep pets in a separate area when you are cleaning or using chemicals. Additional burn prevention tips include:

• Never leave your pet unsupervised around lit candles or fireplaces.
• Always check for a resting pet before turning on the clothes dryer.
• Never allow your pet to lie directly on your heating pad.
• Equip your home with monitored smoke and carbon monoxide detectors to ensure a quick response following a fire or chemical exposure.

Call your family veterinarian right away if your pet has been burned. If you need help after hours, contact Animal Emergency Care, and bring in your pet for immediate treatment. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.petmd.com/dog/emergency/accidents-injuries/e_dg_burns_and_scalding

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951347

https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/burns

https://www.hillspet.com/pet-care/routine-care/pet-fire-safety-and-burn-treatment

The post Understanding and Treating Burns on Your Pet appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

#1: Active pets have improved mental health and behavior

Pets who do not engage in regular activity or pets who do not have access to a variety of toys or enrichment tools such as a Kong or puzzle toy may behave inappropriately because they are bored. Unfortunately, that can lead to accidents or aggressive behavior. Pets who are sedentary have an increased risk of depression and a decreased overall quality of life. Despite summertime heat, winter cold, or a challenging work schedule, you can ensure your pet’s body and brain remain active and stimulated with a little creativity. The following activities will improve your pet’s mental health:

• Playing indoor fetch using soft toys that will not damage any household items
• Playing tug-of-war with a rope or other toy 
• Providing cat toys such as feather wands which promote natural stalking behavior
• Hiding small portions of your pet’s food or treats in different areas of the house for them to seek
• Placing food treats in puzzle bowls or toys such as a Kong to encourage problem-solving skills

#2: Keeping active with your pet strengthens your bond 

The love of a furry companion is a special and enriching experience that has been proven to increase human quality of life. The human-animal bond is equally important for your pet’s well-being and overall health. Designate daily bonding time with your pet such as a visit to the dog park, a hike on your local trail, or a walk around your neighborhood. It can be challenging to stay active with your feline companion because most will not walk on a leash. However, teaching your cat a new trick such as fetching their favorite toy mouse for a treat reward is a great mental and physical workout for them. Pets thrive on routine, and establishing a daily playtime or exercise routine will improve their emotional well-being. 

#3: Active pets are less likely to be overweight

It can be hard to resist your pet’s begging eyes for an extra treat or the last bite of your steak dinner. However, too many treats can be dangerous for their health. Pet obesity has become an epidemic with more than 50% of dogs and cats in the United States overweight or obese. Excess weight can decrease your pet’s life span by two years or more and increase the chances they will develop arthritis, stiff joints, and other health problems including diabetes. Managing your pet’s nutrition and helping them engage in an active lifestyle will help ensure they maintain a healthy weight.

#4: Active pets have improved overall health

Numerous benefits exist for pets who are active daily. Regular exercise helps prevent a sedentary lifestyle and promote healthy weight management. While advances in veterinary medicine have resulted in pets living longer, ensuring they remain active will increase the chances of them remaining by your side into their grey muzzle years. Other health benefits for active pets include:

• Increased joint mobility
• Decreased incidence of arthritis
• Improved cardiovascular function 
• Improved muscle tone
• Improved digestion

#5: Active pets have improved sleep patterns

Pets who have frequent late-night zoomies or who enjoy late-night games of playing with their toys may have a disrupted sleep pattern because of pent-up energy. Random bursts of energy can be a normal behavior for many pets. However, if your pet has an increased frequency of zoomie behavior or if they have an abundance of energy at the end of the day, then it may be a sign they need more daily exercise or playtime. Daily physical activity aids in ensuring your pet has a regular, restful sleep which is a vital component of their overall health. Bring your pet in for a veterinary examination if they are experiencing abnormal sleeping patterns to ensure they do not have any underlying medical problems.  

Call Animal Emergency Care if you have questions about starting a daily activity routine for your pet. Make an appointment for your pet with your family veterinarian before they start an exercise routine, and bring them to our hospital if they get into trouble after hours. #AECprevents  

The post 5 Pawsitive Benefits of Keeping Your Pet Active appeared first on Animal Emergency Care (AEC) Bellingham, WA.

What is salmon poisoning in pets? 

Salmon poisoning, which is also referred to as salmon poisoning disease (SPD), is an acute infectious disease affecting dogs and other canid species caused by a rickettsial bacteria found in parasitic flukes, or flatworms. This disease is found only in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. SPD is a misleading name because no toxin is involved in this disease. Rather, infection occurs when a dog ingests a raw trout, salmon, or Pacific salamander that contains flukes infected with the Neorickettsia helminthoeca rickettsial organism. SPD can be complicated when dogs are infected with a secondary bacterium, Neorickettsia elokominica, which may cause a less severe illness and is referred to as Elokomin fluke fever. Dog-to-dog transmission of these bacteria is rare. 

Salmon poisoning signs in pets

Dogs who ingest raw fish infected with fluke larvae that do not contain rickettsia bacteria may show minor gastrointestinal signs such as diarrhea. Dogs who are infected with the Elokomin fluke fever bacterium may experience a milder infection and enlarged lymph nodes. Your dog will usually show signs in 10 days if they ingest a fish containing flukes infected with the SPD bacterium, but infection signs may not be present for 33 days in some cases. Signs may include:

• Fever, followed by hypothermia
• Depression 
• Decreased appetite
• Nausea and vomiting
• Bloody diarrhea
• Dehydration
• Weight loss
• Nasal or eye discharge
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Seizures

Salmon poisoning diagnosis and treatment in pets

Bring your dog for immediate veterinary care if they have ingested a raw fish or have SPD signs because SPD is fatal in 90% of pets who do not receive treatment. However, dogs who receive immediate veterinary care have a good prognosis. Diagnostic tests including a fecal examination to look for fluke eggs, serologic tests, a DNA PCR test, and a lymph node cytology exam may be recommended to confirm a SPD diagnosis. Your veterinarian may recommend a complete blood count, electrolyte test, and serum biochemistry test to rule out any concurrent or underlying medical problems. Dogs who are infected will require antibiotics. Additional treatments may include:

• Intravenous fluids to correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalances 
• Gastrointestinal protectants
• Anti-nausea medication
• Specialized warming pads
• Deworming medication 
• Blood transfusions
• Specialized diet

Payment options for a pet’s salmon poisoning treatment

Pets undergoing SPD treatment may require an extended hospital stay and several checkups which can be expensive. Consider purchasing a health insurance plan like Trupanion when your dog is young to ensure funds are available for such long-term care. Trupanion can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Other financial options available to cover treatment costs include: 

• Care Credit — Care Credit offers specialized credit cards that can help delay interest payments.
• Scratch Pay — This service provides fast flexible payment options with variable interest rates depending on an individual’s credit. 
• Pet health savings account — Many financial institutions offer incentives for opening pet health savings accounts which ensure you have funds budgeted for your pet’s medical care.
• Short-term loans — These loans often have high interest rates but can be used as a last resort.

Salmon poisoning prevention in pets

Ensure you prevent your dog from consuming Pacific salamanders in addition to raw salmon, trout, steelhead, or similar freshwater fish. Secure your pet and closely monitor them when they are near or in any fresh water streams to prevent an accidental ingestion of infected fish. Additionally, prevent your dog from contacting any trash cans which may contain raw fish.  

Salmon disease poisoning is fatal without treatment. If you observe your dog ingesting raw fish or if they are showing SPD signs immediately bring them to Animal Emergency Care or call your family veterinarian. #AECprevents

Sources: 

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/dog-owners/disorders-affecting-multiple-body-systems-of-dogs/salmon-poisoning-disease-and-elokomin-fluke-fever-in-dogs

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/rickettsial-diseases/salmon-poisoning-disease-and-elokomin-fluke-fever-in-animals

https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4952985

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What is flea and tick preventive toxicity in cats? 

Flea and tick prevention medication is a vital component of your pet’s health and prevents uncomfortable itching, skin infections, and infectious disease. However, pyrethrin and pyrethroid-containing insecticides which are used in many commercially available OTC preventives are the culprit for many cat emergencies. Pyrethrins are naturally occurring ingredients derived from chrysanthemum plants and other pyrethrum-related plant species. This ingredient is also used in many gardens to prevent insects from destroying plants and flowers. Pyrethroids are synthetically made insecticides that have a longer-lasting effect. Pyrethrin-containing flea and tick prevention products may be safely used in dogs, but cats metabolize medications differently than dogs and they lack the required enzymes to safely break down pyrethrins. The most common cause of flea and tick preventive toxicity in cats occurs when dog-specific flea preventives are accidentally given to a cat. Additionally, cats who lick or groom excessively after receiving spot-on prevention, or cats who groom a dog who has topical flea medication on their fur, have an increased risk for toxicity. Young kittens, senior cats, cats with underlying health issues, and cats with hypothermia also have an increased risk for flea and tick preventive toxicity. Pyrethrin and pyrethroid toxicity affects your cat’s nervous system, and can be deadly without treatment. 

Flea and tick preventive toxicity signs in cats 

Toxicity signs can occur immediately or more than 12 hours after exposure. Signs are variable and depend on the cat’s age and weight, and the type and amount of toxin exposure, and may include:

• Ear twitching
• Paw flicking
• Muscle tremors
• Incoordination 
• Fever
• Hypersalivation
• Vomiting and diarrhea
• Hives
• Respiratory distress
• Depression
• Lethargy
• Seizures

Flea and tick preventive toxicity diagnosis and treatment in cats

Your pet needs immediate veterinary care if they have flea and tick preventive toxicity signs. Diagnosis is based on their history of flea and tick preventive exposure and clinical signs. Additional diagnostic tests may include a complete blood count and serum biochemistry test to check overall organ function and rule out any underlying medical problems. Pets with severe signs who receive immediate veterinary care will usually recover. Treatment may include:

• A warm water bath with liquid dish soap to remove remaining residue
• Monitoring their heart rate and blood pressure
• Monitoring and regulating body temperature
• Intravenous fluids
• Antihistamine medications if hives are present
• Anti-nausea medications 
• Gastrointestinal protectant medications
• Muscle relaxants
• Anti-seizure medication

Financial planning for treatment of flea and tick preventive toxicity in cats

Cats who are experiencing flea and tick preventive toxicity may require hospitalization for several days, which can result in a large veterinary bill. Fortunately, multiple payment options are available to ensure you can cover the cost of your pet’s emergency care for an accidental poisoning. Care Credit and Scratch Pay allow you to spread payments over longer periods with delayed interest rates in some cases. Additionally, pet health insurance providers like Trupanion offer policies that can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Pet health savings accounts and short-term loans can also be used to pay for your cat’s emergency veterinary care. 

Flea and tick preventive toxicity prevention in cats

Many accidental cat poisonings occur from giving a cat a dog-specific preventive. Ensure you read all directions carefully before giving your cat any medications and never apply any dog products on your cat. Other prevention tips include:

• Consult your family veterinarian on the safest flea and tick prevention method for your cat.
• Keep household animals separated after applying any spot-on flea medication so the treatment can absorb and dry on their fur.
• Prevent your cat from accessing any yard that has been treated with an insecticide.
• Ensure you give your cat the correct amount of flea and tick preventive according to their weight and age because some products cannot be given to young, small pets.

If your cat is showing flea and tick preventive toxicity signs, immediately bring them to Animal Emergency Care if it is after hours, or call your family veterinarian. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/neurological/c_ct_pyrethrin_pyrethroid_toxicity

https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/blog/common-flea-tick-toxicity-questions-answers

https://icatcare.org/advice/permethrin-poisoning

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What is smoke inhalation in pets?

Smoke inhalation injury can occur following exposure to smoke in small or large quantities. Fires produce a variety of toxins that can affect your pet’s respiratory tract and overall well-being. Pets who are exposed to a fire are at risk for skin burns, in addition to the following:

• Carbon monoxide — This colorless, odorless gas is produced during a fire and affects the body’s ability to properly deliver oxygen to the tissues. Some home appliances including clothes dryers, water heaters, and gas stoves, can produce carbon monoxide. 

• Hydrogen cyanide — This chemical may be released during a fire as a result of burning plastic, cotton, wool, or other synthetic materials. Like carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide also prevents the body from delivering required oxygen to tissues. 
• Thermal injury — Heat that is associated with smoke and fire exposure can cause burns on the face and through the respiratory tract which can lead to severe inflammation. 
• Chemical irritants — Pets are at risk for exposure to a variety of chemical irritants which will depend on the type of substance burning. Chemical burns can lead to severe lung and airway damage. 

Smoke inhalation signs in pets

Clinical smoke inhalation signs are variable, and depend on the amount of smoke exposure, type of associated chemicals, and duration of exposure. Smaller pets and pets who have underlying respiratory problems are most at risk for smoke inhalation complications or increased sign severity. Clinical signs may not be immediately obvious and can occur more than 24 to 36 hours following exposure. Smoke inhalation signs may include:

• Difficulty breathing
• Increased respiratory rate
• Coughing
• Wheezing
• Eye redness
• Eye squinting
• Changes in barking or meowing sounds 
• Facial swelling and burns
• Blisters over the mouth
• Excess salivation
• Vomiting
• Depression
• Lethargy
• Uncoordinated gait
• Seizures
• Coma

Smoke inhalation diagnosis and treatment in pets

Immediately bring your pet for a veterinary examination if they have been exposed to smoke or if they have any smoke inhalation signs. Your veterinarian may recommend a complete blood count and serum biochemistry test to rule out any concurrent medical problems. Advanced imaging such as an X-ray, ultrasound, or computed tomography (CT) scan may be recommended to check for airway injury and overall respiratory tract function. Repeat imaging may be required because of delayed onset of respiratory injury signs. Smoke inhalation monitoring and treatment may include:

• Electrocardiogram for heart rate monitoring
• Pulse oximetry to monitor oxygen levels
• Respiratory observation and monitoring
• Regular temperature monitoring 
• Oxygen therapy
• Intravenous fluids
• Antibiotic medications
• Pain medications
• Bronchodilator medications to improve your pet’s ability to breath properly
• Breathing tube placement  

Financial options for your pet’s smoke inhalation treatment  

Smoke inhalation treatment may require hospitalization for your pet for several days as well as numerous progress checks. Such long-term care can result in a large veterinary bill. Fortunately, multiple payment options are available to ensure you can cover the cost of your pet’s smoke inhalation emergency care. Care Credit and Scratch Pay allow you to spread payments over longer periods with delayed interest rates in some cases. Additionally, pet health insurance providers like Trupanion offer policies that can pay your veterinary clinic directly which eliminates the need to submit paperwork and wait for reimbursements. Pet health savings accounts and short-term loans are also available to ensure your pet’s veterinary treatment costs are covered. 

Smoke inhalation prevention in pets 

Equip your home with monitored smoke and carbon monoxide detectors to ensure a quick response following a fire or chemical exposure. Regularly check that your detectors are properly functioning and change the batteries twice yearly or more frequently. Other smoke inhalation prevention tips include:

• Keeping pets indoors when the outdoor air is smoky 
• Creating and practicing a home evacuation plan that includes your pets
• Pet-proofing your home to prevent animal-induced house fires

If your pet has been exposed to smoke, call your family veterinarian right away. If you need help after hours, contact Animal Emergency Care, and bring in your pet for immediate treatment. #AECprevents

Sources:

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/toxicology/smoke-inhalation/overview-of-smoke-inhalation

https://vetmed.illinois.edu/pet_column/smoke-inhalation-dangerous-pets

https://www.petmd.com/dog/emergency/accidents-injuries/5-dangers-smoke-inhalation-pets

https://www.dvm360.com/view/smoke-inhalation-proceedings

https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/smoke-inhalation

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